Livestock Feeders' Day, 1966
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Item Open Access Comparison of slaughter and carcass characteristics of ram, wether and ewe market lambs(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-04-28) Kropf, Donald H.; Mackintosh, D.L.; Hinnergardt, L.C.; Menzies, C.S.; Harrison, D.L.; Anderson, L.Lambs sired by Hampshire rams and from western ewes were individually slaughtered as they reached 96 lbs. live weight. Quality and quantity factors were evaluated after carcasses were chilled 48 hours. Carcasses were broken into wholesale cuts and weights obtained. The leg and loin were trimmed of external fat in excess of 3/8 inch and trimmed weights were taken. Ewe lambs dressed heavier carcasses and a higher dressing %,' but the extra carcass weight was due to higher finish. Wether and ewe lamb carcasses showed higher conformation scores and higher U.S.D.A. grades, apparently due to more fat. Fat and lean from ram carcasses was noticeably less firm than from wethers and ewes. Lowest rib eye marbling scores were noted in ram carcasses, highest scores in ewe carcasses, with intermediate values in wethers.Item Open Access The relation of lamb quality factors to grade, marbling, carcass value and sensory evaluations(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-04-28) Kropf, Donald H.; Mackintosh, D.L.; Menzies, C.S.; Harrison, D.; Anderson, L.This study was to determine quality factors most closely related to carcass grade, marbling in the rib eye muscle, and to tenderness. A total of 376 crossbred lambs were slaughtered over 4 years at an approximate live weight of 90 lb. after carcasses chilled 48 hours. D.S.D.A. carcass grade and various quality scores were evaluated by a representative of the Federal Meat Grading Service. Carcasses were cut to wholesale cuts and weights obtained. The hotel rack was physically separated into fat, L. dorsi muscle, other lean, intercostal tissue, overflow fat and bone.Item Open Access Influence of breeding and length of feeding period on carcass characteristics and palatability of beef(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-04-28) Tuma, H.J.; Kropf, Donald H.; Mackintosh, D.L.; Alschwede, G.A.Carcass measurement, muscle quality, and palatability data have been collected on 88 paternal half-sib Angus steers. At weaning they were subdivided into one of the 11 nutritional and management regimes shown in Table 58. Phase I involved feeding from 0 to 224 days after weaning. Phase II was essentially deferred feeding. The intermittent slaughter of animals from both phases made possible the study of muscle and fat tissue development within as well as between phases. Quantity and quality of muscle are the two factors that determine true beef carcass value.Item Open Access Evaluation of wheat in rations for growing-finishing swine(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-04-28) Tribble, L.F.; Jensen, A.H.; Deyoe, C.W.; Pfost, H.B.A series of experiments has further evaluated wheat as swine feed. The experiments were conducted in confinement on concrete floored pens. Purebred Duroc, Poland and D x P crossbred pigs were used in all trials. All rations were supplemented with calcium, phosphorus, salt, trace minerals, the following vitamins A. D. riboflavin, pantothenic acid, niacin, choline, B 12 and antibiotic, chlortetracycline. Soybean oil meal was added to the grain to bring protein content to the desired level.Item Open Access Evaluation of rations for pigs weaned at 3 or 4 weeks(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-04-28) Jensen, A.H.; Tribble, L.F.; Miller, L.Wheat and corn-rolled oats in various physical forms compared with pigs weaned at 3 weeks of age. Rations of corn and rolled oats were compared with rations containing wheat. All rations were supplemented with protein, minerals, vitamins and antibiotics. The rations were fed in meal pelleted and crumble form. The basal rations are shown in Table 47. Pigs were weaned at approximately three weeks and fed in 5 x 8-foot farrowing stalls. Two pens of six pigs each were on each treatment. Feed and water were available at all times. The study was conducted 28 days. The results are show in Table 48.Item Open Access Sources of nonprotein-nitrogen as a substitute for protein in ruminant rations(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-04-28) Richardson, D.; Smith, E.F.; Perry, H.B.; Dunn, L.L.; Harbers, L.H.Americans consume large quantities of meat. An increasing population will demand more production to maintain present consumption rates. Protein is an essential nutrient for all animals. The simple-stomached animals (pigs, chickens, dogs, human beings, etc.) can utilize only natural protein, whereas ruminant animals can use nonprotein-nitrogen as a source of ammonia to produce microbial protein in the rumen. This project was to evaluate various ammoniated phosphates in ruminant rations.Item Open Access Nutritive value of forages as affected by soil and climatic differences(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-04-28) Richardson, D.; Banbury, Evans E.; Erhart, A.B.This is a progress report on the fourth test to measure differences in the performance of beef steers in various parts of Kansas due to location, soil climate, rainfall and/or local food. Forty-either Hereford steers calves averaging 458 pounds from Warner’s Ranch in Barber County were used. The management and feeding were the same as in previous tests. Analyses of the feedstuff are show in table 16 and the results of the wintering phase in table 17. Results of other steers (purebred and crossbred) being handled in a similar manner at Colby and Garden City are shown in table 18.Item Open Access Effect of restricted feeding during mid-gestation on sow performance(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-04-28) Tribble, L.F.A group of 16 sows was divided after all sows were bred. One group was fed 4 pounds per head per day; the other, 4 pounds per head every other day for 60 days, then 4 pounds per head per day until taken to the farrowing house a few days before farrowing. All sows had access to fair alfalfa brome pasture. The ration fed sorghum grain, soybean oil meal, dehydrated alfalfa meal, minerals and vitamin contained about 17 percent protein.Item Open Access Nutritive value of forages as affected by soil and climatic differences(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-04-28) Richardson, D.; Banbury, Evans E.; Erhart, A.B.; Williams, G.; Smith, E.F.; Loper, D.C.; Adepoju, A.; Harbers, L.H.; Cox, R.F.; Boren, Fred W.This is the third test to measure differences, if any, in performance of cattle in various parts of Kansas due to location, soil, climate, rainfall and/or local feed. Forty-eight Hereford steer calves from the same herd averaging 475 pounds each were divided as uniformly as possible into four groups of 12 animals. One group was assigned to each of four locations: Colby, Garden City, Manhattan, and Mound Valley. Uniform-size concrete lots with sheds were used at each location. Each group of 12 animals was subdivided into two groups of six. The wintering ration consisted of locally grown sorghum silage (FSla) fed free choice with 5 pounds of locally grown second-cutting alfalfa hay per head daily. At the end of the wintering phase, silage was gradually decreased and removed from the ration. At the same time, locally grown sorghum grain was introduced and gradually increased until the grown sorghum grain was self-fed. Salt was the only added mineral throughout the test. Analyses of the feeds used are show in in table 13.Item Open Access Influence of urease inhibitors on urea hydrolysis in ruminants(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-04-28) Loper, D.C.; Richardson, D.; Harbers, L.H.The data from the 1965 Livestock Feeders’ Day Bulletin indicate that ammonia production from animals fed urea rations was higher than that from nonurea rations. For the bacteria to “capture” more ammonia from urea rations and utilize it, several experiments were designed to test the effect of a variety of chemicals that theoretically would inhibit urea hydrolysis per se. These were initially screened by an artificial rumen technique. The chemicals exhibiting inhibition were then tested inside fistulated steers to stimulate practical feeding conditions. At the same time several products were fed to sheep for digestibility data. A preliminary report of the data follows.Item Open Access Effects of method of preparation and physical form on feeding value of sorghum grain to grow and finish swine(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-04-28) Ly, C-C; Miller, L.; Deyoe, C.W.; Phost, H.B.; Tribble, L.F.Sorghum grain was prepared in a hammermill with a 1/8-inch screen and by steam rolling through a fine corrugated roller mill. Each preparation was fed in meal, pellet or crumble form. The rations also contained soybean oil meal, vitamins, minerals and antibiotics. The ration contained 16 percent protein until the pigs weighed 100; 12% thereafter.Item Open Access The value of dehydrated alfalfa and delayed grain feeding of heifers on winter bluestem pasture(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-04-28) Hall, M.C.; Smith, E.F.; Spies, H.G.Two primary objectives of this test were to: (1) Compare dehydrated alfalfa with soybean oil meal as a winter supplemental feed on bluestem pasture for heifer calves to be bred shortly after the winter feeding period. (2) Determine merit in feeding grain the last 30-40 days of the winter period compared with feeding the same total amount of grain throughout the winter where heifers are to be bred shortly after the winter feeding period terminates. Each of three treatment groups contained 27 or 28 Hereford heifer calves, good to choice grade. Initial average weight was 427 pounds.Item Open Access Lamb feeding experiments(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-04-28) Menzies, C.S.; Erhart, A.B.Lambs used were finewool wethers purchased from the Zuni Indian Reservation near Gallup, New Mexico. Average purchase weight of 699 head was 63.8 lbs.; cost was $23.50 per cwt. plus 15 cents per head commission. Lambs were trucked to Garden City, arriving October 15. Shrinkage during shipment was 5.8 lbs. (9.10%). Chopped grain sorghum stubble and alfalfa hay were fed until lambs went on test.Item Open Access Investigation of milk-fat lamb production practices for Western Kansas, Colby(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-04-28) Menzies, C.M.; Banbury, Evans E.; Elliott, H.The ewe flock is handled in an early lambing program with the breeding season beginning around June 1 and ending September 1. All lambs are sold as milkfat lams during the spring and early summer. Two separate tests were made during 1965-66. (1) a study to determine the value of different rations for creep-feeding lams and (2) a study determining the various treatments and rations for flushing ewes.Item Open Access Comparative values of prairie hay and sorghum grain for calves(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-04-28) Smith, E.F.; Richardson, D.; Perry, H.B.This test was to determine if sorghum grain could completely replace prairie hay in a ration for calves being fed for limited growth. Intake of grain was restricted to supply approximately the same amount of energy consumed by calves fed hay free choice.Item Open Access Value of animal fat and alfalfa hay in high-concentrate lamb rations(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-04-28) Menzies, C.S.In a previous test (Livestock Feeder’s Day Bulletin 473) adding 10% animal fat to a ration containing 45% alfalfa hay did not affect rate of gain but materially improved feed efficiency and lowered cost per unit gain. This test was conducted to determine the value of fat and additional hay in a high concentrate ration for lambs fed during the hot summer.Item Open Access The value of grain added to sorghum silage at ensiling(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-04-28) Smith, E.F.; Ward, G.M.; Richardson, D.; Perry, H.B.This experiment was to determine the value of sorghum grain, whole and ground, added to sorghum silage at 15% of the forage green weight at ensiling. The design was as follows: Treatment 1-No grain. Treatment 2-Ground sorghum grain fed when silage was fed Treatment 3-Whole sorghum grain added to silage while ensiling, with water added to bring the silage back to original moisture content. Treatment 4- Ground sorghum grain added to silage while ensiling and water added to bring silage moisture content to original.Item Open Access Effects of heat treatment of proportions of sorghum grain in fattening lamb rations(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-04-28) Menzies, C.S.; Richardson, D.; Deyoe, C.W.; Pfost, H.B.Research indicates that treating grains with heat may improve feedlot performance of ruminant animals. Previous work here indicated that treating all grain or roughage with heat resulted in reduced palatability. This test was designed to determine the effect of treating various proportions of th grain in the ration.Item Open Access An evaluation of the amount of grain and roughage to food at different stages of the feeding period(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-04-28) Perry, H.B.; Boren, D.W.The 30 steers used were good to choice Herefords purchased as claves near Sterling, Kansas, and allotted to 3 lots of 10 steers each. Unlimited roughage was fed where grain was restricted. A ratio of 1 part roughage to 3 parts grain was fed on full feed. Protein supplement was fed at 2lb. per head daily to all lots.Item Open Access Level of protein for heifers wintered on bluestem pasture(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-04-28) DeGeer, C.V.; Hall, M.C.; Smith, E.F.The 66 heifers used were good to choice grade Herefords purchased near Fort Davis, Texas, and assigned to treatments on a random weight basis. They were rotated among pastures to minimize pasture differences during the first winter and summer. Di-calcium phosphate was fed to standardize phosphorus intake among groups during the first winter and each was fed 15,000 I.U. of Vitamin A daily. Salt was available to all lots throughout the test. They were fed three times weekly during the winter.
