Cattlemen's Day, 1975

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Open Access
Short-fed, grass-fed, and long-fed beef compared
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-03-04) Kropf, Donald H.; Allen, Dell M.; Thouvenelle, G.J.
Thirty carcasses, ten each from three groups-short-fed concentrate rations for about 70 days, grass-fed on Flint Hill pasture without supplemental feeding until slaughter in mid-to-late October, and long-fed concentrate rations at least 150 days-were used for taste-panel and display-color comparisons.
Open Access
Performance and carcass characteristics of different cattle types
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-03-04) May, M.L.; Lipsey, R.J.; Loveday, H.D.; Allen, Dell M.; Dikeman, Michael E.
Different cattle types were evaluated for growth, feed efficiency, and carcass and meat traits. Hereford, Angus, Jersey, South Devon, Limousin, Simmental, and Charolais sires were bred artificially to Angus and Hereford dams to obtain different cattle types. Three calf crops were born in March, Apri1, and May of 1970, 1971, and 1972 and were weaned when 200 days old. All male calves (1,123) were castrated, fed out and slaughtered in a commercial slaughter plant. Carcass cooler data were obtained and the right side transported to Kansas State University for detailed cut-out and meat quality evaluations.
Open Access
Performance and carcass characteristics of three groups of crossbred steers fed to the same energy efficiency endpoint
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-03-04) Lipsey, R.J.; Dikeman, Michael E.; Riley, Jack G.; mdikeman
Sixteen Maine Anjou and 16 Gelbvieh steer calves from Angus or Hereford crossbred dams, and 16 Hereford x Angus crossbred steers were fed the same ration in individual pens until they reached a weekly energy efficiency endpoint of 10.3 lb. of feed per pound of gain above their maintenance requirements.
Open Access
Performance and carcass characteristics of Chianina-X steers
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-03-04) Riley, Jack G.; Fink, G.
Chianina-X steers gained consistently during a 151-day finishing test and produced high yielding carcasses with 0.06 in. fat and 1.71 square of loin per hundred pounds of carcass. Average USDA quality grade was between high good and low choice.
Open Access
Energy levels and roughage sources for bulls on 140-day test
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-03-04) McKee, M.; Conway, K.L.; Fink, G.; Schalles, R.R.; Bolsen, K.K.; Zoellner, K.O.
Thirty-nine Angus, Hereford, and part Simmental bulls were tested 140 days (December 18, 1973 to May 6,1974) for weight gained. Bulls were divided into four groups and fed four different rations that had been formulated for two energy levels (high and medium) and two sources of roughage (corn silage or oats and prairie hay). Average daily gains (lbs.) on the four rations were: high energy silage, 3.48; high energy oats and prairie hay, 3.27; low energy silage, 2.58; and low energy oats and prairie hay, 3.41.
Open Access
Effects of protein levels and withdrawing supplemental protein on performance of growing and finishing steers
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-03-04) Harrison, K.F.; Fink, G.; Riley, Jack G.
one growing trial and two finishing trials we used 264 steers. Rations containing 13.2% crude protein during the 105-day growing trial significantly (P<.05) improved rate of gain gain compared with 11.3% crude protein rations. Withdrawing supplemental protein at approximately 750, 850, or 950 pounds live weight did not significantly affect rate of gain; however, gain was slowest by steers without supplemental protein.
Open Access
Effects of growth stimulating implants and implanting sequence on steer performance
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-03-04) Fink, G.; Riley, Jack G.
Three trails used 264 steers to evaluate the effects of 36 mg zeranol (Ralgro) and 20 mg estradiol benzoate plus 200 mg progresterone (Synovex-S) implants on performance of steers during one growing and two finishing studies. Daily gain during the 105-day growth trial by steers implanted with Ralgro ®. Before a 151-day finishing trial, equal numbers from each implant group in the growth trial were re-implanted with either R or S so we had four implanting sequences each of two implants: SS; SR; RS; and RR. Implant sequences SR, RS, and RR all gave similar performances and produced faster (P<.05) gains than implant sequence SS. Combining the growing and finishing phases into a 256-day implanting program resulted in no significant differences in daily gain by implant sequence. In a second finishing trial, we compared a single implant of S or R in a 108-day trial. Rate of gain did not differ significantly. Also, carcass measurements did not differ significantly by implant.
Open Access
Polioencephalomalacia (PEM)-Current research status
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-03-04) Sapienza, D.A.; Brent, B.E.
In ruminants fed high grain rations, a condition called polioencephalomalacia (PEM), characterized by central nervous system derangement, can develop. It usually is noninfectious, responds to thiamin injections, and is characterized by sudden onset. Using artificial rumen techniques, we established that PEM results from a bacteria-produced enzyme in the rumen that converts the vitamin thiamin to a nonusable alternate form, pyrithiamin, which in turn caused severe metabolic disturbances in the central nervous system.
Open Access
Calcium sources compared in liquid feed supplements for finishing steers
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-03-04) Harbers, L.H.; Teague, R.D.; Riley, Jack G.
When calcium chloride was added to a mixture of minerals and urea in molasses, the minerals had not settled after the mixture was shipped 350 miles and stored 4 weeks. Calcium carbonate added to a similar supplement caused all minerals tested except sodium, potassium, and copper to precipitate. Using a 112-day, steer-feeding trial, we found that animals performed similarly when their liquid feed supplement contained either calcium chloride or resuspended calcium carbonate.
Open Access
Sources of roughage and milo for finishing steers
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-03-04) Bolsen, K.K.; Fink, G.; Riley, Jack G.
We used 75 yearling steers in a 92-day trial to evaluate three sources of roughage: (1) chopped prairie hay; (2) milo stover silage; and (3) milo stover pellets; and five milo treatments: (1) dry, 85.5% dry matter (DM); (2) field harvested, high moisture (F-HM), 72.6% DM, ensiled in an O2-limiting structure; (3) F-HM, 79.5% DM, treated with 1.75% ammonium isobutyra1te on a wet basis and stored in a metal bin; (4) F-HM, 73.6% DM, rolled and ensiled in a 10 ft. x 50 ft. concrete stave silo; and (5) harvested at 85.5% DM and reconstituted to 73.3% DM, rolled and ensiled in a 10 ft. x 50 ft. concrete stave silo. Neither performance or carcass characteristic differences could be attributed to source of roughage when it was fed at 15% of the ration dry matter, which indicates that milo stover can be effectively used in finishing rations. Steers fed high-moisture milo treated with AIB or stored in an O2 -limiting structure performed similarly and gained faster (P<.05) and more efficiently (P<.05) than steers fed dry milo.
Open Access
Milo head silage (Milage) rations for finishing yearling steers
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-03-04) Bolsen, K.K.; Fink, G.; Riley, Jack G.
Four finishing rations evaluated in the l02-day trial were: (1) unprocessed (Whole) milage, (2) processed (rolled) silage, (3) processed milage plus high moisture milo and (4) high-moisture milo plus chopped hay. Approximate roughage levels were 24% in rations 1 and 2 and 15% in rations 3 and 4. Yearling steers fed processed milage plus high--moisture llIilo gained faster (P<.05) and more efficiently (P<.05) than steers fed any of the other three rations. Steers receiving Whole milage (ration 1) consumed 9.4% more feed (P<.05) and required 14.0% more feed per lb. of gain than steers receiving rolled milage (ration 2). Steers fed rolled milage (rations 2 and 3) required an average of 15.8 and 8.52%, respectively, less grain per lb. of gain than steers fed rations 1 and 4.
Open Access
Wheat, barley and corn silage rations for growing yearling steers
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-03-04) Bolsen, K.K.; Berger, Larry Lyle; Riley, Jack G.
Seven silage and ration treatments compared were: (1) Paoli barley, (2) Arthur wheat, (3) Parker wheat, (4) Parker-head wheat, (5) Parker-head wheat and corn silage (equal parts), (6) corn silage plus a soybean meal supplement, (7) corn silage plus a urea supplement. Treatments 1 through 5 included a soybean meal supplement.
Open Access
Milo stover and sources of supplemental nitrogen for growing heifers
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-03-04) Bolsen, K.K.; Boyett, G.; Riley, Jack G.
Seventy-two heifer calves were used in a 98-day trial to evaluate four rations: (1) forage sorghum silage plus soybean meal, (2) milo stover pellets plus soybean meal, (3) milo stover silage plus soybean meal and (4) milo stover silage plus soybean meal-corn gluten meal-urea. Daily gain was highest (P<.05) and feed required per lb. of gain lowest (P<.05) for heifers fed the forage sorghum silage ration. Heifers fed milo stover pellets consumed more feed (P<.05) than those fed any of the other three rations and, they were less efficient than those fed rations 1 or 4. The mixture of supplemental nitrogen sources fed with milo stover silage (ration 4) gave animal performance similar to that from soybean meal with milo stover silage (ration 3). The results indicate that milo stover's value is 53 to 57% that of forage sorghum in growing rations. On the average, heifers fed milo stover gained 57% as rapidly and 53% as efficiently as heifers fed forage sorghum.
Open Access
Response of yearling steers to pasture burning, fertilization, and intensive early season stocking (bluestem pastures)
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-03-04) Berger, Loren Lynn; Harbers, L.H.; Schalles, R.R.; Smith, E.F.; Owensby, Clenton E.; owensby
Nine pastures totaling 492 acres were summer grazed by yearling Hereford steers. Five pastures were burned April 24, 1974; four were not burned. Burned and nonburned pastures had 0, 40, or 80 lbs. of nitrogen per acre applied aerially May 2, 1974. Stocking rates were determined with herbage production data from experimental plots under similar treatments. Under equal fertilization and stocking rates, burned pastures produced more average daily gain and gain per acre than nonburned pastures. Fertilizing and heavier stocking tended to reduce average daily gains, but increase gain per acre. Steers on the early-season, intensively grazed pasture, gained the most per day (2.09 lbs.) and produced a high gain per acre (96 lbs.). Range condition was higher on burned pastures. On unburned pastures, range condition decreased as fertilizer rate increased. High feed grain prices have forced beef producers to use forages to lower beef production costs. The native bluestem grasses have long provided a major portion of the forage for the Flint Hills beef producer and methods of increasing native grass production are being studied. Late spring burning (late April) has increased steer gains and improved range condition. Nitrogen fertilization has improved both the quantity and protein content of the forage produced, but also increased cool-season grasses and weedy species in the pastures. We are studying treatments explained above separately and in combination to evaluate effects they have on beef production and range condition. The effects of early-season, intensive stocking on a burned pasture also are being studied.
Open Access
Cow and calf performance as affected by nitrogen fertilization and burning of bluestem pastures
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-03-04) Berger, Loren Lynn; Schalles, R.R.; Harbers, L.H.; Smith, E.F.; Owensby, Clenton E.; owensby
Burning and fertilizing treatments on six Bluestem pastures were evaluated by comparing performance of spring-calving cows and calves that grazed them. Two control pastures were not burned or fertilized, two pastures were burned, and two were burned and fertilized with 40 pounds of nitrogen an acre, applied aerially. Neither average daily gains of the calves nor reproductive performance of the cows differed significantly among treatments.
Open Access
Induced calving in beef cattle
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-03-04) Morrison, D.G.; Kiracofe, G.H.; Heersche, G. Jr.; Schalles, R.R.; McKee, M.
Calving was induced in 44 Polled Hereford cows at 275 days’ gestation. Twenty mgs. Of dexamethasone (Azium) given intramuscularly caused parturition an average of 43.1 hours after injection (range 21 to 57). An injection of 30 mgs. Of prostaglandin F2 40 hours after dexamethasone effectively increased predictability of calving. Seven of nine cows calved 2.5 to five hours post prostaglandin (average time of calving 44.9 hours after dexamethasone). Prostaglandin given 30 hours after dexamethasone or dexamethasone 40 hours after prostaglandin was less effective ( average 46.6, range 34.5 to 57.5; average 75.3, range 63 to 100, respectively).
Open Access
Insemination at an appointed time after estrous synchronization in beef cattle
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-03-04) Morrison, D.G.; Kiracofe, G.H.; Heersche, G. Jr.; Schalles, R.R.; McKee, M.
Eighty-three cows were each treated with a nine-day Syncro-mate B ear implant and one estrogen and progesterone injection. After implant removal, cows were artificially inseminated either 48, 54 or 60 hours later or 12 hours after estrus. An additional 16 cows received no treatment and were pasture mated. First service conception rates were 26.3, 23.8, 38.1, 33.3, and 68.8% for the 48-, 54-, and 60-post implant group, 12-hour post-estrus, and naturally bred cows, respectively.
Open Access
Synchronizing estrus in beef heifers
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-03-04) Heersche, G.; Kiracofe, G.H.; McKee, R.M.; Morrison, D.G.
Estrous synchronization would benefit the cattle industry. Successful methods are not commercially available, so new compounds and treatment procedures are being tested. Treatment with melengestrol acetate, prostaglandin, or luteining releasing factor resulted in unsuccessful synchronization and lowered fertility. Successful synchronization and 63.2% first service conception followed syncro-mate B, PGF2, and LRF.
Open Access
Performance of bulls on Kansas Bull Test
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-03-04) Schalles, R.R.; Zoellner, K.O.
Bulls on summer test gained faster than those on winter test. Breeds from Continental Europe were taller at the shoulder and gained faster than British breeds. Older bulls that were lighter at the start of the test gained slightly faster than younger, heavier bulls, probably because of differences in condition. Adjusted 205-day weight had little relationship to performance; however, weaning weight ratio was positively related to performance on test, indicating that the heaviest bulls at weaning in a herd are most apt to perform best on test.
Open Access
Effect of culling open cows on reproductive performance
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-03-04) Schalles, R.R.; Kiracofe, G.
The reproductive performance of a herd of Polled Hereford cows was evaluated over an eight year period. Culling cows the first time they were open would not have improved the future calving rates in this herd. The cost of replacing an open cow should be compared with the cost of maintaining an open cow. Thus, more improvement in reproduction can probably be made through good nutrition and management than by culling cows found open only once.