Swine Day, 1985
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Item Open Access Effect of barley in starter diets for swine(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-04-22T21:55:33Z) Goodband, Robert D.; Hines, Robert H.; goodbandTwo-hundred and forty weanling pigs averaging 14.0 Ibs. were utilized in two growth trials to evaluate the effects of increasing levels of barley in the diet. Milo was replaced by barley pound for pound at levels of 10, 20, 30, and 40% of the diet. Neither average daily gain, feed intake, nor feed efficiency were affected by the increasing levels of barley. These results indicate that barley may replace all of the milo in a 20%-whey nursery diet.Item Open Access Effect of weekly temperature reduction on nursery pig performance(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-04-22T21:55:21Z) Nichols, David A.; Johnston, M.; Blecha, Frank; Murphy, James P.; dnichols; blecha; jmurphyA total of 64 pigs were used to evaluate the effect of weekly temperature reductions. No differences were observed between treatments for average daily feed intake, daily gain, or feed efficiency. Pigs exposed to cooler temperatures during weeks 3 and 4 tended to consume more feed than those housed at 92 F for the entire period.Item Open Access Evaluation of barley for finishing swine(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-04-22T21:52:20Z) Goodband, Robert D.; Hines, Robert H.; goodbandThree-hundred and ten crossbred finishing pigs averaging 110 lbs. were utilized in two growth trials to evaluate the effects of feeding barley to finishing hogs. In both experiments, there were no differences in average daily gain or average daily feed intake between hogs fed the milo-soybean meal control diet, a pelleted barley diet, or a 5% added fat barley diet. However, there was a significant decrease in average daily gain with the basal barley diet and a barley diet balanced on a lysine basis. Pelleting or adding fat significantly improved feed efficiency. In Experiment 2, hogs fed a 5% molasses diet and a rolled barley diet had the lowest average daily gains and poorest feed efficiency. These results indicate that pelleting and adding fat to barley-based diets improve average daily gain and feed efficiency. It would also appear that diets with barley substituted lb. for lb. for milo or balanced on a lysine basis have approximately 90-95% the value of a milo-soybean meal diet for finishing swine.Item Open Access Effect of high nutrient-density diets on starter pig performance(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-04-22T21:52:08Z) Thaler, B.C.; Allee, G.L.; Nelssen, Jim L.; jnelssenTwo experiments and an on-farm trial were conducted to compare the performance of weanling pigs fed a high nutrient-density diet (HNDD) to the performance of pigs fed standard corn-soybean meal (C-SBM) diets. A total of 358 crossbred weanling pigs (approximately 21 days of age) were allotted to experimental treatments based on initial weight and ancestry. Average initial pen weights ranged from 6.5 to 21.9 lb for the three trials. Dietary treatments consisted of feeding HNDD for 1 or 2 weeks followed by either 20% whey diets and/or 1.25% lysine C-SBM diets, a 20% whey diet for 2 weeks followed by a 1.25% lysine corn-S8M diet, a 20% whey diet for five weeks, or a 1.25% lysine C-SBM diet for 5 weeks.Item Open Access Effects of fish protein hydrolysate and dried whey in starter pig diets(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-04-22T21:51:58Z) Stoner, G.R.; Allee, G.L.; Nelssen, Jim L.; jnelssenFour experiments were conducted to evaluate Fish Protein Hydrolysate (FPH) as a protein source in starter diets for pigs. A total of 552 weaned pigs were used in three growth trials and one digestion study. All three growth trials were designed to determine the effect of FPH with and without dried whey on starter pig performance. The digestion study was designed to determine the effect of FPH with and without dried whey on nutrient digestibility. Adding 3% FPH to starter pig diets resulted in an improvement (8-17%) in average daily gain (ADG) over a corn-soybean meal basal diet. Feed efficiency and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were not affected by the addition of FPH. Dried whey additions with or without FPH resulted in no improvement over performance observed with the 3% FPH diet in either Trial 1 or Trial 3. In Trial 4, 20% dried whey added to a corn-soybean meal diet improved performance for all criteria measured to a level equal to that with 3% FPH alone. Growth responses to the addition of dried whey were inconsistent from trial to trial, possibly because whey utilization may have been impaired by heat damage to the dried whey. Therefore, conclusions regarding dried whey additions with or without FPH may be confounded with dried whey quality.Item Open Access Water soluble vitamin needs of weaned pigs(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-04-22T21:51:48Z) Newcomb, M.D.; Allee, G.L.Two trials, using 360 pigs weaned at 17-27 days, were conducted to evaluate pig performance as affected by the addition of folic acid, thiamin, biotin, pyridoxine, or ascorbic acid to the diet. Combined data from Trial I and Trial II indicated that adding these supplemental vitamins did not improve daily gain or feed efficiency. These results suggest the addition of these supplemental water-soluble vitamins to a corn-soybean meal 20% whey diet or injection of a B-vitamin complex for pigs weaned at 3-4 weeks of age is not beneficial.Item Open Access Use of raw soybeans in sow diets(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-04-22T21:51:37Z) Allee, G.L.; Li, De-Fa; Nelssen, Jim L.; jnelssenSeventy-six gilts were used to evaluate the effects of feeding raw soybeans during gestation, lactation, and rebreeding on sow and litter performance. Reproductive performance during two parities was not impaired by feeding raw soybeans. However, sows fed raw soybeans lost more weight during lactation than sows fed soybean meal. The factor (or factors) responsible for this increased weight loss during lactation and the long-term consequences remains to be determined.Item Open Access Dietary energy intake during lactation and following weaning; effects on sow and litter performance(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-04-22T21:51:22Z) Dulohery, S.A.; Nelssen, Jim L.; Davis, Duane L.; jnelssen; davisThe effect of energy intake during a 21-day lactation and from weaning to estrus on sow and litter performance was studied. Lactation treatments consisted of two energy intakes, either 8 (Low Energy; LE) or 16 (High Energy, HE) Meal of metabolized energy (ME) per sow per day. Lactation diets were equivalent to daily feed intakes of 6 or 12 lb, respectively, of a grain-soybean meal diet. Energy intake from weaning to first estrus was either 5.5 (LE) or 11 (HE) Meal of ME per sow per day, formulated to approximate feeding of 4 or 8 lb of a grain-soybean meal diet daily. Any sow in estrus by 30 days postweaning was artificially inseminated or hand-mated and fed 4 lb daily of a 14% grain-soybean meal diet during gestation. Sows remained on the same lactation-post weaning energy intakes during two parities. First and second parity sows fed 8 Meal/day during lactation lost more (P<.05) weight and backfat during lactation compared to sows fed 16 Mcal of ME/day. Likewise, litters nursing sows fed LE weighed less at weaning. Regardless of lactation treatments, first-parity sows fed 11 Mcal/day from weaning to first estrus gained more backfat (P<.05) during the first 14 days postweaning and more weight (P<.01) during the initial 28 days postweaning compared to those fed 5.5 Meal of ME/day. Slightly fewer first-parity sows fed LE during lactation were in estrus by 7 days postweaning compared to those fed HE. Increasing energy intake from weaning to first estrus had no effect on percentage of sows exhibiting estrus by 14 days postweaning. These results indicate that increasing the energy intake of first-litter sows during lactation or from weaning to estrus will minimize weight and backfat loss during the feeding period but will not substantially reduce the number of days from weaning to estrus in the first two parities.Item Open Access Dietary calcium and phosphorus level for sows(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-04-22T21:51:11Z) Maxson, P.F.The past decade has seen increased emphasis upon sow research. With the strong pressure toward increased sow productivity, there continues to be a need for evaluation of sow nutrient requirements. One area that has received much attention is the calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) needs of gestating and lactating swine. Research has increased our knowledge of Ca and P for reproducing swine but there is still a great deal to be ascertained regarding the mineral requirements of the sow. There continues to be concern over the high incidences of leg soundness and posterior paralysis problems in reproducing sows. The most frequent reason given for this situation is insufficient dietary levels of either Ca, P, and (or) vitamin D for reproductive purposes.Item Open Access Utero-placental transfer and fetal utilization of β-hydroxybutyrate in swine(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-04-22T21:51:01Z) Thulin, A.J.; Allee, G.L.; Harmon, D.L.; Schoneweis, D.A.; Davis, Duane L.; davisUtero-placental transfer of β hydroxybutyrate (BOHB) in swine was investigated during late gestation using three primiparous sows. There were no measureable artery-vein differences for BOHB concentration in whole blood and concentrations were low in both the sows and fetuses. Radioactive BOHB rapidly crossed the utero-placental unit and was incorporated into the Iiver, adipose, lung, and heart tissue (3540, 3674, 1214, and 528 dpm/g wet weight, respectively). The largest amount of radioactivity for all ti3sues was found in the phospholipid fraction. These data demonstrate that the swine utero-placental unit is permeable to BOHB and indicate that this ketone body is used by the fetus for synthesis of fatty acids and cholosterol for both structural components and energy stores.Item Open Access Transfer of fatty acids across the swine uterus and placenta(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-04-22T21:50:52Z) Thulin, A.J.; Allee, G.L.; Harmon, D.L.; Schoneweis, D.A.; Davis, Duane L.; davisThe transfer across the swine uterus and placenta of [1-14C] octanoic acid, [9,10(n)- H] palmitic acid, and [1- 14C] linoleic acid was studied in five gilts and their fetuses during late gestation, following a single bolus injection. Only trace amounts of labeled fatty acids were found in fetal plasma lipid. There were no measureable differences in free fatty acids (FFA) from umbilical artery, and veinous blood. Concentration of FFA in fetal blood was about 40% of the level of uterine values (187, 194, 73, and 82 µEg/1 for uterine artery, uterine vein, umbilical artery, and umbilical vein). In addition, fetal plasma contained larger amounts of 14:0, 16:1, 18:1, and 20:4, whereas maternal plasma contained larger amounts of 18:0 and 18:2. These results indicate that only trace amounts of FFA cross the swine utero-placental unit during late gestation, which are probably not enough to increase energy supply or lipid storage of the fetus.Item Open Access Supplementation of swine diets with fat(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-04-22T21:50:41Z) Nelssen, Jim L.; jnelssenAfter several years of intensive research) the addition of fat to swine diets continues to generate spirited discussion. The use of cereal grain-soybean meal diets in the swine industry is popular because of the plentiful supply and current low price of cereal grains. Fat is an excellent energy source for all classes of swine, with a value approximately 2.25 times that of carbohydrates.Item Open Access Should you use artificial insemination and/or embryo transfer in your swine operation?(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-04-22T21:50:31Z) Davis, Duane L.; davisThe use of AI and embryo transfer in swine herds will undoubtedly increase during the next decade. The techniques themselves will undergo refinement and improvements as swine producers learn to use them and to manage the genetic aspects of their herds. These techniques should not be viewed as useful tools only for large swine herds. In fact, the relative genetic advantage is probably greater for the medium-sized or small herd, since the superiority of the AI sires compared to boars otherwise available to these herds is relatively greater. Also, access to breeds that are not locally available is an important benefit. The only limitation is the individual producer's desire and abilities, since there is no expensive equipment that will improve results. In fact, AI could become an important equalizer in the distribution of genetic material in the swine industry. In planning for the future, we should also realize that a genetic revolution is just beginning. The Swine Testing and Genetic Evaluation System (STAGES), which is just being implemented by the eight breed associations, will soon make possible comparisons of sires across farms for growth, feed efficiency, and carcass and maternal traits. STAGES will improve the accuracy of selecting superior sires and will provide a means of establishing a national sire listing similar to those presently available in the beef and dairy industries. Estimates of genetic merit will be expressed as predicted progeny deviation (PPD's), which are estimates of how the future progeny of an individual is expected to perform compared to that of an average individual. AI and embryo transfer will be important tools in providing access to the outstanding breeding animals developed with STAGES.Item Open Access Growth performance of pigs infested with sarcoptic mange(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-04-22T21:49:47Z) Wooten, E.L.; Broce, A.B.; Blecha, Frank; blechaTwo trials were conducted to determine the effect of sarcoptic mange on growth performance of pigs. Results from previous experiments with weaned pigs artificially infested with sarcoptic mites indicated no alteration of growth performance (average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and feed efficiency) in infested pigs. Two trials were conducted to further evaluate the effect of sarcoptic mange on pig growth performance. The first trial used 36, 90-lb pigs artificially infested twice or once with sarcoptic mites. Twice-infested pigs had higher average daily gain and improved feed efficiency 6 weeks after infestation than non-infested pigs. No alterations of growth performance were observed during the final 4 weeks of the trial. The second trial used 36, 30-lb pigs infested twice with sarcoptic mites (but mange was not as severe as in the first trial), No differences in growth performance were noticed during the 4-week observation period. These results suggest that, at some levels of infestation, sarcoptic mange does not affect pig growth performance.Item Open Access Dry vs. wet ad libitum feeding of finishing swine(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-04-22T21:49:10Z) Vargas Vargas, J.; Hines, Robert H.Two hundred finishing pigs were used to evaluate wet vs. dryad libitum feeding. Growth rate of finishing pigs was significantly improved (5%) by wet feeding. Feed utilization was improved 4.5% by wet feeding. Dry feeder type did not influence performance, since all pigs fed dry diets performed similarly. Likewise, pigs fed wet diets performed equally regardless of wet feeder type.Item Open Access Effect of mixing on performance of finishing swine(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-04-22T21:48:40Z) Hines, Robert H.Two feeding trials were conducted to evaluate the effect of mixing finishing pigs on subsequent performance. Growth rate of heavier pigs was reduced 15-35% in the two weeks after mixing when compared to the non-mixed pigs. This reduction in weight gain resulted in a significant difference in average daily gain overall for pigs mixed at 5 weeks compared to non-mixed pigs. An 8% reduction in the two weeks following mixing was observed for pigs mixed at 3 weeks compared to non-mixed pigs. However, during the following weeks of the trial, these pigs recovered, resulting in a non-significant reduction overall in average daily gain. In trial 2, pigs that were sorted randomly into two groups at 5 weeks grew 6% faster than controls and overall had a significantly faster rate of gain than controls.
