Cattlemen's Day, 1985

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https://hdl.handle.net/2097/4932

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Open Access
New developments in feeding wheat to cattle
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-12-10) Brethour, J.; Lee, B.; Riley, Jack G.
At least for the varieties we studied, hard red winter wheat was superior to soft red winter wheat in beef cattle rations. That contradicts the perception that feed wheats should be soft. The net energy values of Larned hard wheat and Hart soft wheat were 102% and 99% that of corn, respectively. Adding Rumensin® to wheat rations improved performance, probably by reducing acidosis instead of increasing ration net energy value. There was a positive associative effect when wheat and milo were fed together but not when wheat and corn or corn and milo were combined. Steer performance was improved by adding 3% fat to rations; that improvement was proportional to the amount of wheat in the rations and was probably due to the fat's added energy, Steers that were fed fat graded better and gained more uniformly. When 100% wheat was fed, overall performance was satisfactory only when fat was included.
Open Access
The Manhattan weather in 1983 and 1984
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-12-10) Dean Bark, L.
The charts of the daily weather drawn by the KSU computer indicate what occurred in the past two years. The three smooth curves in each diagram represent the average conditions at Manhattan based on 70 years of records from the files of the Agricultural Experiment Stations Weather Data Library. The top two curves show the average maximum and minimum temperatures occurring throughout the year. They reach a low point in mid-January and climb to a peak in mid-July. The bottom smooth curve indicates the average accumulative precipitation during the year. Starting at zero on January 1, it increase during the year and ends at the average annual rainfall. It climbs steeply during the mid-year when precipitation is greatest on the average, and less steeply at the beginning and end of the year.
Open Access
Vacuum-packaged versus conventionally packaged ground beef: the influence of packaging on consumer acceptance and flavor characteristics
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-12-10) Lynch, N.M.; Caul, J.F.; Kropf, Donald H.; Kastner, Curtis L.; ckastner
Vacuum-packaged ground beef was compared to a conventionally packaged (polyvinyl chloride) product to determine consumer flavor and aroma preferences. In addition, flavor characteristics were described and quantified by a trained panel. Consumer panels slightly preferred the cooked beef flavor of the conventionally packaged product and the raw aroma of the vacuum-packaged product. Conventionally packaged samples displayed for 3 days and then cooked were slightly less beefy, less fresh, more stale, slightly less bloody/serumy, slightly less sour, and had less of a metallic mouth feel than vacuum-packaged samples stored 12 days and cooked. Throughout display, flavor of the vacuum-packaged samples was more consistent than that of the conventionally packaged samples. Based on flavor and aroma characteristics, vacuum-packaged ground beef should compete favorably in the marketplace.
Open Access
Vacuum-packaged ground beef: the influence of color and educational materials on consumer acceptance
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-12-10) Lynch, N.M.; Kropf, Donald H.; Kastner, Curtis L.; ckastner
Questionnaires were completed by 1750 Kansas grocery shoppers in selected Dillon's supermarkets to determine how product color and educational materials affected their purchase intent of vacuum-packaged ground beef. Half the consumers received educational materials (informed consumers). Informed consumers were more likely (P<.0001) to indicate a positive purchase intent for vacuum-packaged ground beef than uninformed consumers. Informed consumers were as likely to purchase the purple-red, vacuum-packaged product as the bright cherry-red product to which they are accustomed. Product color was important in their product purchase decision. Vacuum-packaged ground beef should compete favorably with the conventionally packaged product, if educational materials are provided to explain the color differences.
Open Access
Sodium bicarbonate and sodium bentonite supplements for cattle fed corn or sorghum silages
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-12-10) Axe, D.; Bolsen, K.; Jacques, K.; Harmon, D.
Supplementing forage sorghum silage rations with sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3 ) improved performance of growing cattle over the control supplement. However, neither NaHCO 3 nor sodium bentonite supplementation to corn silage rations improved cattle performance.
Open Access
Urea and limestone additions to forage sorghum silage
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-12-10) Bolsen, K.; Ilg, H.; Axe, D.; Smith, R.
Adding urea or limestone to forage sorghum silage increased lactic and acetic acids compared with untreated silage. Urea also elevated the ensiling temperature and increased the DM loss in the silo. Although calves fed the three silages had similar performance, those fed the urea-treated silage tended to have the highest consumption but poorest feed conversion. There were no apparent improvements in silage conservation or feeding value from either urea or limestone.
Open Access
Effects of hybrid maturity and growth stage on yield and composition of forage and grain sorghums when harvested as silage
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-12-10) Dickerson, J.; Smith, R.; Bolsen, K.; Walter, T.
Thirteen sorghum hybrids chosen to represent a range of sorghum types were evaluated in two separate trials. Each was harvested at three stages of grain development: milk to early-dough, late-dough, and hard-grain. Among the forage sorghums, there was a 26-day range in days to half bloom from early to late maturing varieties. Harvest date did not affect crude protein content. However, whole-plant DM yield was significantly lower at the last harvest for the three latest maturing varieties. Grain yield increased over time in the early and intermediate hybrids. Lodging increased significantly over time for all varieties except DeKalb FS-25E. Among the grain sorghums, there was only a 4-day range in days to half bloom and very little difference in plant height. The forage sorghum was later maturing and taller. Whole-plant DM yields for the grain sorghums were highest at late-dough. Grain yields and grain to forage ratios generally increased with maturity, except when there were losses due to birds. Grain sorghums started to lodge by the hard-grain stage.
Open Access
Whole-plant forage, grain, or nonheading sorghum silages for growing cattle
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-12-10) Smith, R.; Bolsen, K.; Ilg, H.; Hoover, J.; Dickerson, J.
Three sorghum hybrid types were used to make six silages in the fall of 1983. Eight silage rations were compared using 160 steer calves in an 84-day growing trial. Using forage sorghum silage as a base (100), grain sorghum silage had a feeding value of 133, and nonheading sorghum silage 89, when evaluated for comparative rates and efficiencies of gain. Silages from concrete stave silos produced faster and more efficient steer gains than silages from Silopress® bags. Rolling the grain sorghum silages at feeding time to break 95% of the grain significantly improved steer performance. The feeding value of corn silage was not enhanced by processing.
Open Access
Effects of delayed filling and H/M Inoculant® on preservation and quality of corn silage
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-12-10) Bolsen, K.; Hinds, M.; Ilg, H.; Hoover, J.
Eight whole-plant corn silages were evaluated using laboratory silos. Treatments were: 1) control (no additive); 2) H/M Inoculant applied to the fresh crop at the forage harvester (H/M-field); and 3) H/M Inoculant applied to the fresh crop at the time of ensiling (H/M-silo). The control and H/M-field treatments were ensiled at 0, 4.5, and 12 hours post-harvest with the fresh crop remaining in the forage wagons until ensiled. The H/M-silo treatment had the inoculant applied immediately prior to ensiling at 4.5 and 12 hours post-harvest. All eight corn silages were well preserved and underwent predominantly lactic acid fermentations. H/M Inoculant did not influence lactic acid content or 1actic:acetic and lactic:DM loss ratios. However, H/M-field silage ensiled immediately showed small improvements in quality over the control silage, as judged by lactic acid content and the two fermentation efficiency ratios. H/M Inoculant did not effect DM recovery at any ensiling time. However, when averaged across inoculant treatment, silages made at 4.5 hours post-harvest had the highest DM recoveries; silages at 12 hours, the lowest. All 4.5 and 12 hour post-harvest silages had less lactic and total acids than those made at harvest. The silages made as soon as possible after harvest had a faster accumulation of lactic and total fermentation acids than the same fresh crop ensiled 12 hours post-harvest.
Open Access
Drought-stressed, irrigated, and additive-treated corn silages for growing cattle
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-12-10) Bolsen, K.; Ilg, H.; Smith, R.; Hoover, J.; Axe, D.
Cattle fed drought-stressed corn silage gained about 10% slower but were just as efficient as cattle fed irrigated corn silage. Because the irrigated corn out yielded the drought corn (17.4 VS. 8.2 tons per acre), the irrigated silage gave a much higher cattle gain per acre (1928 VS. 940 1b). Silo Guard II®-treated silage had an advantage in DM recovery and feed conversion over its control and produced 4.6 more pounds of cattle gain per ton of crop ensiled. Cattle fed H/M Inoculant®- treated silage gained significantly faster than cattle fed the control, however, the treated silage gave only slight improvements in DM recovery and gain per ton of crop ensiled.
Open Access
Effect of water temperature on cattle performance
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-12-10) Murphy, P.; Pope, Ronald V.; Nichols, David A.; Riley, Jack G.; dnichols; rvpope
When average outside air temperature was about 40 F, water temperatures of 40, 60, Of' 80 F had little effect on water intakes of yearling steers and heifers. In addition, there were no significant differences in average daily feed or efficiency. No electrical energy was required to maintain water at 40 F, and it took about twice as much electricity to maintain water at 80 F instead of 60 F.
Open Access
High moisture corn ensiled with urea
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-12-10) Heidker, J.; Bolsen, K.; Hinds, M.; Ilg, H.; Janicki, B.; Young, B.
High moisture corn harvested at 18 and 26% moisture, rolled, treated with 0, .75, 1.5, or 2.25% urea (DM basis), and ensiled was evaluated for fermentation rate, chemical composition, and aerobic stability. Adding urea to 26% moisture corn increased the rate and extent of fermentation as measured by lactic, acetic, and total acid concentrations. Only a very limited fermentation occurred in the 18% moisture corn. No statistically significant differences were noted in DM loss or aerobic stability among the eight corn treatments.
Open Access
Action of decoquinate in altering feed efficiency of ruminants
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-12-10) Harmon, D.L.
The effects of adding decoquinate (Deccox®) to the diet at 0, 0.5, or 5 mg per kg body weight were evaluated with diets of 30 and 80% concentrate. Decoquinate did not influence rumen or plasma metabolites, diet digestibility, or volatile fatty acid production. No metabolic effects were seen that would suggest a role for decoquinate in altering rumen fermentation and feed efficiency of ruminants.
Open Access
Effects of Ralgro® implants from birth to slaughter on performance, masculinity, and behavior of young bulls
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-12-10) Gray, D.G.; Unruh, John A.; Dikeman, Michael E.; junruh; mdikeman
Implanting bulls with Ralgro® from birth to slaughter resulted in performance similar to that of nonimplanted bulls. However, implanted bulls were less masculine, had smaller scrotal circumference up to 16 months of age, had lower serum testosterone levels up to 13 months of age, and were less aggressive from 12 to 14 months of age compared to nonimplanted bulls.
Open Access
Effect of vitamin supplementation of receiving diets on the performance of stressed beef calves
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-12-10) Lee, B.; Stuart, R.; Perryman, K.; Ridenour, K.
Ration formulation for stressed beef calves needs careful consideration, since low feed intakes, rumen dysfunction, and various other health and management problems may influence nutrient intakes and requirements. Supplementation with Vitamin E and B-complex vitamins in starting and receiving diets appears to improve animal performance and health.
Open Access
Effect of prepartum protein level on calf birth weight, calving difficulty, and reproductive parameters of first calf heifers and mature beef cows
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-12-10) Bolze, R.P.; Corah, L.R.; Fink, G.M.; Hoover, L.
Two trials were conducted to determine if precalving protein intake would influence calf birth weight and calving difficulty. In Trial 1 (1983), 38 spring-calving Simmental heifers and 49 cows were allotted to three, 112 day isocaloric prepartum nutritional treatments: 75 (low), 100 (control) or 150 (high) percent of daily crude protein requirements (1976 NRC) for heifers or cows in the last trimester of pregnancy. In Trial 2 (1984), 22 heifers and 51 cows were allotted to control and high protein treatments only. After calving, cows were fed to meet NRC requirements. In Trial 1, the low protein level decreased prepartum weight gain but had no effect on postpartum weight change, pre-or postpartum condition change, postpartum interval (PPI), percent cycling is the first 21 days of the breeding season, first service or overall conception, milk production, calving difficulty, calf birth or 205 day weight. In both trials, high protein intake increased prepartum weight gain and condition score, shortened the PPI and increased percent cycling in first 21 days of breeding season but had no effect on the first service or overall conception, milk production, calving difficulty calf birth or 205 day weight.
Open Access
The effects of levamisole, receiving diets, and pre and post transit potassium on fain and health of stressed calves
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-12-10) Brazle, F.K.; Blecha, Frank; McLaren, J.B.; Riley, Jack G.; blecha
We purchased 264 calves (125 bulls and 139 steers) in Tennessee and transported them to Kansas to evaluate the effects of levamisole injections and potassium supplementation, before and after transit, and feedlot receiving rations on performance and health of stressed calves. The calves were held for 48 to 96 hours in the order-buyer barn, fed either a 1.1% or 1.5% potassium (K) ration, transported for 24 hours, and fed either a 40% concentrate or hay-plus protein-supplement receiving diet fortified with either 1.1 or 1.7% K for 28 days. They were met in Kansas with 16 hr of cold driving rain, followed by severe cold temperatures, so stress was extreme. Subsequently, the calves grazed native pasture for 60 days. Levamisole reduced (P<.10) feedlot mortality. Bulls were castrated upon arrival and levamisole reduced mortality in castrated bull calves more than in steer calves (P<.05). Levamisole tended to increase IBR antibody titers and enhance change in BVD titers. Mortality was 12.3% in calves fed the 40% concentrate diet and 8.5% in those fed hay and protein supplement. More (P<.10) medical treatments per calf were required in the concentrate-fed calves than in the hay-fed calves. Due to the extreme-stress conditions during the first week in the feedlot, the calves required most of the 28-day receiving period to recover purchase weight and gains were similar (P>.05) in all groups. Fewer of the calves fed the 1.5% K pretransit diet died during the first 3 days in the feedlot than of those fed the control diet, but the posttransit K (1.7% K) diet resulted in a trend toward higher mortality during the receiving period.
Open Access
A comparison of estrus synchronization with Syncro-Mate-B® to natural service
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-12-10) Middleton, C.; Brink, T.; Kiracofe, G.; Brethour, J.; Negus, R.
Conception rates and subsequent calving dates were compared between cows synchronized with Syncro-Mate-B® and inseminated by appointment and nonsynchronized cows bred by natural service. Average conception date was seven days earlier in the synchronized cows.
Open Access
Factors affecting conception rates in heifers and cows synchronized with Snyncro-Mate-B®
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-12-10) Brink, J.T.; Middleton, C.D.; Kiracofe, G.H.
In five trials during 1983 and 1984, 238 cows and 54 heifers were synchronized with Syncro-Mate-B® and artificially inseminated 48 hours after implant removal. The conception rate was 42.5% in cows that were cycling and 19.8% in cows that were not cycling before Syncro-Mate-B® treatment. Heifers started on the Syncro-Mate-B® treatment before day 11 of the estrous cycle had a higher conception rate (64.3%) than heifers started after day 11 (38.5%). Conception rates among the trials varied from 19.8 to 64.3%.
Open Access
Effect of treating tall fescue pasture with Mefluidide on performance of grazing steers
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-12-10) Moyer, Joseph L.; Lomas, Lyle W.; llomas; jmoyer
Mefluidide (Embark® ) delays maturity and suppresses seed head formation in grasses. Mefluidide treatment increased the crude protein content of fescue pasture and improved daily gain of grazing steers by 14.3% (.21 lb per head daily).