Livestock Feeders' Day, 1961

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Open Access
Heritabilities, genetics, and phenotypic correlations between carcass and live animal traits in sheep
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-10-11) Menzies, C.; Hillman, M.; Wheat, J.D.; Mackintosh, D.L.; Merkel, R.A.
This is a contributing project to the North Central-50 Regional Sheep Breeding Project. The Kansas State project was initiated in the spring of 1959 to determine relationships between various carcass measurements and live animal traits, to estimate heritability of these traits, and to determine how findings may be applied to selection and breeding of meat-type lambs.
Open Access
Investigations of milk-fat lamb production practices for western Kansas
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-10-03) Menzies, C.; Banburry, E.
This sheep project was initiated in the spring of 1959 as a new research project at the Colby Branch Experiment Station in cooperation with the Department of Animal Husbandry, Kansas State University. One hundred fifty-one finewool yearling ewes were purchased from near Del Rio, Texas, May 4, 1959. An additional 200 similar yearling ewes were purchased from the same area May 13, 1960. These ewes are handled in a typical Kansas early lambing program. The ewes are bred to purebred Hampshire rams and all lambs are sold in the spring as milk-fat lambs. Over-all objectives of this project are to determine the productive and economic value of various management practices, types of pastures, feeds, feed additives, and combinations of these to maintain a commercial ewe flock and to produce milk-fat lambs for a spring market under western Kansas conditions.
Open Access
The relation of feathering and overflow fat of lamb carcasses to the grade of the lamb, degree of marbling, and market value of the lamb
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-09-20) Mackintosh, D.L.; Merkel, R.A.; Menzies, C.S.
This project was undertaken in the spring of 1960 in an endeavor to determine the relationship, if any, of internal fats, overflow, and feathering to the degree of marbling in the longissimus dorsi muscle (eye muscle), the grade of the carcass; and the relationship of marbling to the palatability of meat.
Open Access
Garden City lamb feeding experiments
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-09-20) Menzies, C.; Erhart, A.B.
The 600 head of Rambouillet wether feeder lambs used in these tests were received at Menard, Texas, October 10, 1960. They were sorted from 1100 wether lambs raised by Page Brothers of El Dorado, Texas. Average purchase weight was 75.1 pounds. Purchase price was $14.50 per cwt. The lambs were sheared at Menard, averaging 3.9 pounds of wool that sold for $0.41 ½ per pound. Lambs weighed 62.7 pounds off trucks at Garden City October 12th. Total trucking cost was $482.40.
Open Access
Effects of exercise and cooling on reproductive efficiency of ewes bred during summer months
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-09-20) Spies, H.G.; Menzies, C.S.; Smith, W.H.; Scott, S.P.
Failure of ewes to conceive during summer is one of the biggest problems affecting the early spring lamb producer. Workers at other stations have reported that 90 F temperatures lowered reproductive performance. This study was designed to determine the effects of forced exercise and temperature on reproductive performance of ewes.
Open Access
Effects of fat and pelleting on utilization of Vitamin A in pig feeds
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-09-20) Parrish, D.B.; Aubel, C.E.
Two tests were made. The first test was to determine effect pelleting feed has on utilization of vitamin A activity supplied by yellow corn. The second test was made on the effect that adding fat has on utilization of vitamin A activity supplied by carotene.
Open Access
The value of soaking whole sorghum grain for finishing fall pigs in drylot
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-09-20) Aubel, C.E.
Two lots of pigs were self-fed, free choice, whole sorghum grain and a mixed protein supplement. Each lot contained 10 pigs. In one lot, the whole sorghum grain was fed dry, in the other, it was automatically fed into water warmed enough to prevent freezing. The protein supplement fed both lots consisted of 4 parts tankage, 4 parts soybean meal, 1 part cottonseed meal, and 1 part alfalfa meal. To each ton of supplement was added 27 pounds of antibiotic Aurofac (Aureomycin) and one half pound of zinc oxide.
Open Access
Corn, sorghum grain, wheat, rye, and barley as concentrates in complete pelleted rations compared with a standard nonpelleted sorghum grain and alfalfa hay ration for self-feeding fattening lambs
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-09-20) Menzies, C.S.; Richardson, D.; Cox, R.F.
Previous experiments at this station have shown that lambs fed complete pelleted rations make faster, more efficient gains than lambs fed similar nonpelleted rations, and that optimum results are obtained when pelleted rations contain around 30 to 40 percent concentrates. This test was designed to study various grain sin complete pelleted rations compared with a standard nonpelleted ration.
Open Access
The effect of various milling processes on sorghum grain when used for finishing fall pigs in drylot
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-09-20) Aubel, C.E.
Six lots were self-fed, free choice, in drylot. All lots received a mixed animal and plant protein supplement of 4 parts tankage, 4 parts soybean meal, 1 part cottonseed meal, and 1 part alfalfa meal. Each ton of mixed protein supplement also contained 27 pounds of Aurofac and ½ pound of zinc oxide. The ration for each lot varied only in the method of processing.
Open Access
Rolled vs. finely ground pelleted sorghum grain in cattle rations
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-09-20) Richardson, D.; Smith, E.F.; Koch, B.A.; Boren, Fred W.
In previous tests where grain intake was held at the same level, finely ground pelleted sorghum grain has produced larger and more efficient grain than rolled sorghum grain. This test was conducted to study the value of the two methods of grain preparation when the rest of the ration was held at a constant level and the grain fed according to the amount the animals would consume
Open Access
Cobalt bullets for beef cattle
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-09-20) Richardson, D.; Smith, E.F.; Brethour, J.R.; Koch, B.A.; Tsien, W.S.; Carmack, B.D.; Boren, Fred W.
Cobalt is a trace mineral element which is essential to the health and well-being of animals. If it is deficient in the ration, it should be supplied. A cobalt bullet, which is placed in the rumen, was developed in Australia for sheep and cattle on cobalt-deficient pastures or rations. These cobalt bullets were found to be effective in preventing cobalt deficiency. Cobalt bullets are now available in this country. The bullet is composed of 90% cobalt oxide and 10% binding agent. The weight is 20 grams for cattle and 5 grams for sheep. The bullet is placed in the rumen with a balling gun. Since it is heavy, it remains in the rumen and allows cobalt to become available to the animal. Bullets were recovered at slaughter in some of these tests after over 300 days.
Open Access
Improvement of beef cattle through breeding methods
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-09-20) Smith, W.H.; Wheat, J.D.
The purebred Shorthorn cattle breeding project was continued during 1960 according to the breeding program adopted when the study was initiated in 1949. Two inbred lines were established and have been continued. The Wernacre Premier line in now in the fourth generation of inbreeding and the Mercury line, in the third generation. The bulls, Wernacre’s Premier and Gregg Farm’s Hoarfrost, were used as foundation sires to establish these two lives, respectively.
Open Access
The value of enzyme preparation added to cattle rations
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-09-20) Richardson, D.; Koch, B.A.; Smith, E.F.; Ward, J.K.; Boren, Fred W.
Three lots of 10 heifer calves each were fed the same ration except for the added enzyme preparations. Ingredients and average daily consumption are show in Table 19. Lot 1 served as the control. The enzyme preparations were added to the soybean oil meal at the following rates per ton: Lot 2, 2.5lbs. amylase (acts on carbohydrates); Lot 3, 2.5lbs. amylase plus 6 lbs. protease (acts on proteins). Rumen samples were obtained to determine the concentration of volatile fatty acids and percentage distribution of acetic, propionic, and butyric acids in the rumen fluid.
Open Access
The value of chlortetracycline for steers on winter bluestem pasture
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-09-20) Smith, E.F.; Koch, B.A.
Forty Hereford steers were divided into two groups of 20 each on the basis of weight. Each group was pastured in a 160-acre bluestem pasture on the Pringle Ranch near Rose, Kansas, Both groups were fed protein blocks and chlortetracycline was included in the blocks for one group, to supply about 70 mgs. per steer daily. The blocks were composed of primarily of soybean meal with 10% salt to limit intake. They were kept before the animals continuously during the first half of the trial but during the latter half were rationed to keep consumption of both groups at about the same level.
Open Access
Experimental grubicide application methods to control cattle grubs
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-09-20) Knapp, F.W.; McKee, M.
During the past year a new grubicide application method has been tested for use in controlling cattle grubs. Called the pour-on method, it consists of pouring a small amount of a special formulation of systematic grubicide along the back line of an animal before grubs appear in the back.
Open Access
Different methods of managing bluestem pastures
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-09-20) Smith, E.F.; Anderson, K.L.; Koch, B.A.; Drake, C.L.; Boren, Fred W.
This experiment was designed to determine the effect of different stocking rates, of deferred grazing, and of pasture burning on cattle performance, productivity of pastures, and range condition as determined by plant population changes. In addition to the yearly report, a summary of cattle gains for the past 11 years of the study is included.
Open Access
Grain sorghum silage vs. forage sorghum silage; dehydrated alfalfa vs. Vitamin A, and the value of Aureomycin in cattle rations
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-09-20) Richardson, D.; Smith, E.F.; Koch, B.A.; Boren, Fred W.
Two types of sorghum silage were used in this test. They were (1) DeKalb forage type which produced approximately 100 bushels of grain and 20 tons of silage per acre; and (2) RS610 grain type which produced approximately 75 bushels of grain and 10 tons of silage per acre. Forty Hereford heifer calves were divided into four lots of 10 each. Three lots received the grain sorghum silage and one the forage silage plus 2 pounds of grain. This was an attempt to keep the grain intake equal in all lots; however, since the forage sorghum produced so much grain, this lot may have received slightly more grain than others. Dehydrated alfalfa as a source of vitamin A was compared with vitamin A and with vitamin A plus Aureomycin.
Open Access
Artificially dried corn in cattle rations
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-09-20) Richardson, D.; Smith, E.F.; Koch, B.A.; Ward, J.K.; Boren, Fred W.
With improved harvesting machinery, farmers tend to harvest grain earlier to prevent loss by lodging or inclement weather. This often results in grain being too high in moisture for normal storage, and means that it must be stored in an air-tight container or dried, if it is to enter normal storage. There are ways of drying grain with and without heated air.The corn was produced at the Courtland Irrigation Research Farm near Belleville. The drying was done by the University’s agricultural engineering department. All the corn came from the same field. Three lots of 10 heifer calves each were used. Sorghum silage was fed as the roughage and each animal received 1 pound of soybean oil meal daily. Minerals and salt were fed free choice.
Open Access
A comparison of feeding hay to steers on bluestem pasture and in drylot
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-09-20) Drake, C.L.; Smith, E.F.; Koch, B.A.; Boren, Fred W.
This study was designed to compare winter bluestem pasture with drylot as a place to winter calves. The same ration, alfalfa and prairie hay, was fed to both groups.
Open Access
Adapting roughages varying in quality and curing processes to the nutrition of beef cattle. Performance of yearling beef heifers fed various ratios of sorghum grain to dehydrated alfalfa in pellet form.
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-09-20) Smith, E.F.; Koch, B.A.; Richardson, D.; Cox, R.F.; Boren, Fred W.
This is the first year of an experiment designed to investigate the value of a complete pelleted ration for fattening cattle. Since Kansas has an abundance of sorghum grain and alfalfa, the 1960 study was designed to study the performance of yearling heifers fed various ratios of sorghum grain to dehydrated alfalfa in pellet form. Dehydrated alfalfa served as a source of roughage and protein.