Swine Day, 1973
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Item Open Access Evaluation of a protective material to prevent abrasions and infections of joints in baby pigs(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-05-07T21:30:50Z) Schoneweis, D.A.Streptococcal and staphylococcal infections increase with increases in central farrowing housing and cause serious losses in young pigs. The baby pig may be affected in many ways, such as growths on the heart valves; pneumonia, and peritonitis; however, infected joints are the most serious problem in many herds. The pigs develop enlarged, crippling joints. Many die and others are stunted. Tentative diagnoses often are erysipelas; however, culture of the joints usually reveals that a strept and/or a staph is involved.Item Open Access Lysine supplementation of low-protein diets for finishing pigs(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-05-07T16:00:50Z) Allee, G.L.Four experiments involving 311 finishing pigs (112 to 220 pounds) were conducted to determine the minimum level of soybean meal necessary to supply all essential amino acids except lysine that are deficient in milo or corn and to determine the influence of lysine supplementation of low protein diets for finishing pigs. The results of three trials using milo as the grain source demonstrated that pigs fed milo supplemented with 7.5% soybean meal and lysine gained at the same rate and were just as efficient in feed utilization as pigs fed milo supplemented with 15% soybean meal. Carcass composition as measured by backfat thickness, loin-eye area, and percentage of the carcass in ham and loin did not differ between pigs fed milo supplemented with 7.5% soybean meal and lysine and pigs fed the control diet containing 15% soybean meal. In the fourth trial with corn as the grain source, weight gain and feed efficiency of pigs fed corn supplemented with 7.5% soybean and lysine were equivalent to that of pigs fed the control diet containing 15% soybean meal. These results demonstrate that the amount of soybean meal in the diet of finishing pigs can be reduced approximately 50% by adding crystalline lysine with no detrimental effects on weight gain, feed efficiency, or carcass composition.Item Open Access Effects of supplemental lysine, methionine, and threonine on weanling pigs fed a low-protein milo-soybean meal diet(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-05-07T16:00:41Z) Allee, G.L.Three trials involving 331 weanling pigs (5 to 7 weeks old and weighing 20 to 33 pounds) were conducted to determine the effects of supplementing low-protein starter diets with crystalline amino aqids. In trials I and II, milo-soybean meal diets containing 12, 14, or 16% protein were supplemented so each contained the same quantity of lysine as an 18% protein, milo-soybean meal diet. Weight gain and feed efficiency of pigs fed the 16% protein lysine-supplemented diet was equivalent to that of pigs fed the 18% protein milo-soybean meal diet. Trial III evaluated 14, 16, 18, and 20% protein milo-soybean meal diets and the effects of supplementing the 14% protein diet with lysine, methionine, and threonine. In addition, the effects of supplemental lysine and methionine to the 16%proteindiet was also evaluated. Pigs performed similarly on diets containing 14% protein supplemented with lysine, methionine and threonine, 16% protein supplemented with lysine, and 18 or 20% protein milo-soybean meal diets. These studies indicate that a 16% protein milo-soybean meal diet supplemented with lysine is adequate for pigs weaned at 20 pounds.Item Open Access Limiting amino acids in milo for the growing pig(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-05-07T16:00:31Z) Eckert, T.E.; Allee, G.L.Three growth trials and two nitrogen retention trials were conducted with 118 growing pigs to determine the limiting amino acids in milo. Lysine supplementation of the basal milo diet markedly improved daily gain, feed efficiency, and nitrogen retention. Adding threonine to diets containing supplemental lysine or lysine and methionine increased daily gain and improved feed efficiency. Similarly nitrogen retention was increased by adding threonine to the basal milo diet supplemented with lysine. Supplementing the basal milo diet with methionine in the presence of lysine gave no beneficial response in two trials and markedly depressed growth in a third. Supplementing with nonessential amino acids (glycine and glutamic acid) in the presence of all other amino acids studied gave no beneficial response. These data demonstrate that lysine is the first-limiting, and threonine the second-limiting amino acid in milo protein for the growing pig and that methionine is not third-limitirrg. The data suggest that isoleucine is the third-limiting amino acid in milo protien.Item Open Access Muscling selection in swine and its effect on carcass traits(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-05-07T15:58:53Z) Wheat, J.D.; Kropf, Donald H.; Chang, C.H.; Hines, Robert H.Pigs farrowed in May, 1972, were the first born in the select and control lines. Performances of animals in the two lines were essentially the same. However, ham firmness and color differed significantly (P<0.0l) between lines, with those in the select line firmer and darker than those from the control line.Item Open Access Winter operation of the slotted floor, open-front, finishing building(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-05-07T15:57:29Z) Spillman, C.K.Interest in environmentally-controlled facilities for swine has been increasing recently. Farrowing in such a facility can be justified for producers who plan to be producing pork for some time. However, many producers, with good justification, prefer open-front buildings for finishing pigs. The growing and finishing unit at the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station is an open-front building facing south, with all pen floors slotted and a liquid-manure, oxidation ditch beneath. It is two wings connected by a storage and service area. Each wing is a metal-sided, clear-span structure containing 16 pens, 6 x 15 ft with a 6 ft alley on the south side. The roof is insulated with an exposed, one-inch blanket faced with a plastic vapor barrier: outside walls have sprayed-on insulation approximately one inch thick.Item Open Access Influence of feeding frequency on performance and nitrogen metabolism in gestating swine(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-05-07T15:57:20Z) Allee, G.L.The influence of feeding frequency on performance and nitrogen metabolism in gestating swine was studied by feeding 4 pounds daily, 8 pounds every other day, or 12 pounds every third day. All animals were maintained in dry lots with portable housing and were fed a 12%-protein, corn-soybean meal diet in individual feeding stalls. Three successive 6 day collection studies were conducted with 6 gilts. Nitrogen digestibility was not influenced by feeding frequency. However, nitrogen retention decreased as intervals between feeding increased. Gilts fed 4 pounds daily retained more nitrogen than those fed 8 pounds every other day, while those fed 8 pounds every other day retained more than those fed 12 pounds every third day. Although nitrogen retention was significantly influenced by feeding frequency, sow performance as measured by number of pigs born, birth weight, number of pigs weaned, and weight of pigs at 28 days was not.Item Open Access Effects of endosperm type on nutritional value of sorghum grain for swine(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-05-07T15:57:08Z) Allee, G.L.; Smith, K.Two feeding trials, a digestion trial, and a preference trial were conducted to evaluate the effects of endosperm type on the nutritional value of sorghum grain in swine diets. Endosperm types evaluated were: (1) white endosperm--red seed coat;(2) Heterozygous yellow endosperm--bronze seed coat; (3) homozygous yellow endosperm--yellow seed coat. In trial I, 63 pigs averaging 47 pounds were used in a 28-day experiment. Performance of pigs in trial I was not influenced by endosperm type. A digestion study using 51 pound pigs showed endosperm type making no significant difference in protein digestibility or nitrogen retention. Trial II involved 81 finishing pigs averaging 125 pounds. Pig performance as measured by daily gain, feed per pound of gain, and carcass measurements was not influenced by endosperm type. The results indicate that the endosperm type studied did not affect pig performance.Item Open Access Influence of diet lysine level on performance of finishing barrows and gilts(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-05-07T15:56:58Z) Ferrell, K.C.; Allee, G.L.; Koch, B.A.; Hines, Robert H.One hundred eighteen barrows and gilts were used to evaluate adding lysine to a 11.2% crude protein, milo-soybean meal ration. Rate of gain was significantly improved (P<.05) in both barrows and gilts receiving the higher dietary levels of lysine, but not feed efficiency. Loin-eye area of barrows receiving three levels of lysine was not affected, but loin-eye area of gilts was significantly improved by the addition of lysine to the diet. Carcass length, backfat thickness and ham and loin percentage were not improved in either barrows or gilts. Rate of gain, feed efficiency, and carcass parameters did not differ significantly for pigs fed .65 or .80% lysine.Item Open Access Coffee grounds in swine rations(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-05-07T15:52:12Z) Balogun, T.F.; Koch, B.A.As little as 10% of coffee grounds depressed the feed intake and growth rate of growing pigs and finishing pigs. Apparently, reduced growth rate resulted from lack of palatability rather than any toxic factor in the coffee grounds.Item Open Access Feed flavors in swine starter rations(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-05-07T15:52:02Z) Hines, Robert H.Nursing litters given a choice of flavored or unflavored diets responded by consuming more flavored diet. Pre-weaning feeding did alter the preference patterns of the post-weaned pigs. Pigs fed only basal ration as creep exhibited a varied preference pattern during the post-weaning preference trial. Pigs with access to flavored diet during the creep period exhibited a continued preference for the flavored diet during the post-weaning phase. Average daily feed intake, average daily gain, and the feed/gain ratios were similar for post-weaned pigs offered only flavored or control diet regardless of the pre-weaning treatment.Item Open Access Efficacy of virginiamycin as a prophylactic drug to prevent swine dysentery(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-05-07T15:51:51Z) Schoneweis, D.A.; Kennedy, G.A.Forty-eight feeder pigs were used in an experiment to determine Virginiamycin's effectiveness in preventing swine dysentery. Thirteen of 24 controls and one of 24 that received the antibiotic at either 25 or 50 grams per ton of feed died of swine dysentery or complications. Feed conversion ratio was markedly improved by the antibiotic. Virginiamycin was judged effective in preventing clinical cases of swine dysentery, but it has not been cleared for use in swine. Swine dysentery, also known as bloody dysentery, vibrionic dysentery, bloody scours, or black scours, is a infectious, enteric disease of swine. It is serious in many areas of the Midwest and is assumed to be present wherever swine are raised in the United States. For years the etiology of the condition was thought to be Vibrio coli; however, recent work has indicated Treponema hyodysenterrae-instead.Item Open Access Influence of various antibacterial preparations on rate and efficiency of gain by young pigs(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-05-07T15:29:56Z) Allee, G.L.; Schoneweis, D.A.Two trials involving 128 pigs were conducted to study the effects of antibacterial preparations on rate and efficiency of gain by young pigs. In both trials, the antibacterial preparations increased rate of gain. In trial I, there were no differences in performance of pigs fed ASP-250, Mecadox, or TNA-290. In the second trial, pigs fed Mecadox gained faster than pigs fed ASP-250, Furox or Neo-Terramycin. Pigs fed diets supplemented with the various antibacterial preparations utilized feed more efficiently than those fed the nonmedicated basal diet.
