Livestock Feeders' Day, 1957

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Open Access
Relationship between summer gains of yearling steers on bluestem pastures and feeder grade, shade of color, weight at the start of the grazing season, and previous winter gain.
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-10-31) Holland, L.A.; Wheat, J.D.; Smith, E.F.; Smith, W.H.; Good, D.L.; Cox, R.F.
The Department of Animal Husbandry purchases steer calves each fall to be wintered and grazed the following summer in studies of different methods of managing bluestem pastures. This affords opportunities to study the relationships between summer gains and feeder grade, shade of color, weight at the start of the grazing season, and previous winter gain. Several years will elapse before definite conclusions can be drawn concerning these relationships. Following, however, is a report of progress to date of the studies made of these factors.
Open Access
Fundamental studies of sorghum roughages and grains. I. A study of the value of pelleting milo grain. II. A study of the value of levels of hormone and synthetic hormone-like substances.
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-10-31) Richardson, D.; Smith, E.F.; Koch, B.A.; Cox, R.F.
Previous work has shown that rate of gain and carcass quality are essentially the same with milo grain and corn when self-fed in a beef-fattening ration (Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Circulars 308, 320, and 335). However, the animals eat more milo grain than corn per pound of gain. Because of its relatively small size, the milo grain is more difficult to prepare than the larger grain of corn, This is a progress report of a preliminary test to evaluate grinding milo grain to a meal and then making it into a pellet. Source and level of hormones and synthetic hormonelike substances used as implants are also being studied. The reader should keep in mind that this test is still in progress and results given here are incomplete.
Open Access
Bringing cattle to full feed of grain rapidly (with and without Stilbestrol implants).
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-10-31) Koch, B.A.; Smith, E.F.; Cox, R.F.
Bringing cattle to a full feed of grain in the shortest time possible is one way to reduce the total time they require to reach market weight. Producers are always faced with the problem of bringing cattle on feed too fast and causing digestive upsets, which lengthen the feeding period. This study was designed to determine what advantage could be gained by mixing cottonseed hulls with the grain ration. One half the animals in the study were implanted with stilbestrol to secure further information as to its value.
Open Access
Winter management for steer calves on a wintering, grazing, and fattening program.
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-10-31) Smith, E.F.; Koch, B.A.; Cox, R.F.; Walker, G.L.
Dry bluestem pasture has been used successfully several years at this station as a source of winter roughage for steer calves that are to be grazed during the summer and sold off grass as feeder or stocker yearlings. This is the first attempt to supplement dry grass during the winter with several pounds of grain combined with protein, in an effort to attain sufficient winter gain so the calves could be finished on grain in the late summer and sold as fat yearlings. The test is to determine if dry grass can be supplemented, in such a manner that calves will compare favorably in total performance with steer calves wintered on good-quality roughages. The steers were grazed until August 3 on bluestem pasture, then fattened in dry lot to choice grade.
Open Access
Nutritive value of forages as affected by soil and climatic differences.
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-10-31) Koch, B.A.; Smith, E.F.; Richardson, D.; Cox, R.F.; Ordoveza, A.
This report is a summary of progress to date in one phase of the study designed to determine differences in the results obtained when cattle consume forage grown on limestone or sandstone soils. In any study of this sort there are many variables which cannot be completely controlled or eliminated. Regardless of the care used in selection pastures and meadows will differ somewhat in type and yield of forage: Rainfall differs, even on pastures within a few miles of each other. And the previous histories of the pastures are somewhat different All these and many other variables affect the results obtained. Therefore, several years of comparisons will be needed before definite conclusions can be drawn. Results obtained to date should be looked upon as suggestive rather than as final conclusions.
Open Access
The value of dry bluestem pasture and a comparison of supplements for heifer calves in a wintering, grazing, and fattening program.
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-10-31) Smith, E.F.; Koch, B.A.; Good, D.L.
Circular 320 from this station contains a three-year summary comparing heifers wintered in dry lot with heifers wintered on dry grass, and the effect of this winter treatment on their total performance in a wintering, grazing, and fattening program. The heifers wintered on dry grass gained 32 pounds less for the year, had a lower dressing percentage, graded lower, and sold for about $1 a hundred less than heifers wintered in dry lot. However, the heifers wintered on dry grass returned as much money above feed costs as the heifers wintered in dry lot, due primarily to lower winter feed costs and high summer grass gains. In the test reported here the plane of nutrition has been raised slightly for the heifers wintered on dry grass, to acquire some of the desirable characteristic associated with dry-lot wintering, but still maintaining low winter feed costs. In addition different levels of protein supplementation are compared.
Open Access
The value of Stilbestrol implants for beef cattle
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-10-31) Walker, G.L.; Smith, E.F.; Koch, B.A.; Cox, R.F.
Thirty choice-quality Hereford steer calves from the Williams Ranches near Lovington, N.M., were used in this test. These animals grazed together on dry bluestem pasture. They were separated for a brief period each morning into three groups and fed their different supplements. The supplements fed per head daily were: Lot 1, 1 pound of soybean oil meal pellets; lot 2, 2 pounds of soybean oil meal pellets; and lot 3, 1 pound of soybean oil meal pellets plus 1 pound of ground corn. Six animals in each of the three lots were implanted with 48 mgs. of stilbestrol. Wintering phase. Gains between implants and controls were comparable in lot 1; however, in lots 2 and 3 those implanted gained 0.36 pound and 0.35 pound more per day than did the controls. There were some treated animals that exhibited abnormal secondary sex characteristics and uneven toplines. Grazing phase. All animals were grazed in the same pasture during the summer. Gains between controls and implants were quite similar in all lots. Undesirable appearance due to implanting was still apparent in a few animals.
Open Access
A comparison of wintering in dry lot with wintering on dry bluestem pasture for yearling steers on a wintering, grazing, and fattening program.
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-10-31) Smith, E.F.; Koch, B.A.; Walker, G.L.
Twenty head of good-quality yearling Hereford steers were used in the test. They were purchased from the Lanker Ranch. Medicine Lodge, Kans., as calves in the fall of 1954; they were wintered in dry lot and then grazed on bluestem pastures during the summer of 1955. November 16, 1955, they were divided to two lots of 10 steers each. The only difference in treatment of the two lots was during the winter. The treatment for each lot was, as follows: Lot 11. wintered in dry lot on silage supplemented with protein; bluestem pasture from May 3 to July 9; fed grain and protein on grass from July 9 to September 15, 1956. Lot 12, wintered on dry bluestem pasture supplemented with protein; bluestem pasture from April 7 to July 9; fed grain and protein on grass from July 9 to September 15,1956. The 20 steers were grazed together from May 3 until September 15. During the grain-feeding period, July 19 to September 15, the two lots were penned each morning and fed separately. Half of the steers in each lot were implanted with 84 mgs. of stilbestrol in December of l955. The results of this treatment may be found elsewhere in this publication.
Open Access
Sources of phosphorus for beef cattle
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-10-31) Richardson, D.; Smith, E.F.; Koch, B.A.; Cox, R.F.
In a previous test it was found that phosphoric acid can be used as a source of phosphorus for beef heifer calves on dry bluestem pasture. A phosphorus balance study with lambs also indicated efficient use of phosphorus from phosphoric acid. This test was conducted to further evaluate phosphoric acid as a source of phosphorus in the wintering and fattening ration under dry-lot feeding conditions.
Open Access
Supplements for yearling steers on bluestem pastures during the latter part of the grazing season, 1956, and a three-year summary, 1953-55-56.
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-10-31) Smith, E.F.; Cox, R.F.; Koch, B.A.; Walker, G.L.
The nutritive value of bluestem pasture usually declines rapidly after midsummer. This is the third trial in this experiment in an attempt to find a method to economically increase the rate of gain after midsummer with small quantities of concentrate feed.
Open Access
The relationship of physical balance in the utilization of pelleted and nonpelleted rations for lambs-Metabolism studies.
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-10-31) Richardson, D.; Bell, T.D.; Cox, R.F.; Striegel, W.D.
Studies at this station and others have shown the importance of ratio of roughage to concentrate in lamb-fattening rations. In recent years, there has been considerable interest in feeding completely pelleted rations. Tests were designed to study the effect of pelleting upon digestibility and percentage of nitrogen retained by lambs fed different ratios of roughage to concentrate, pelleted and nonpelleted. A previous test indicated lowered digestion of fiber in pelleted rations but an inerease in digestibility of other nutrients to such an extent that the total digestible nutrient values were essentially the same. Nitrogen retention was greater with the pelleted rations.
Open Access
The use of a pelleted ration for fattening beef heifers
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-10-31) Baker, F.H.; Smith, E.F.; Richardson, D.; Cox, R.F.
An experiment previously conducted at this station demonstrated that beef heifers fed a completely pelleted ration made inferior gains, and had significantly lower carcass grades and dressing percentages than heifers fed the same balanced fattening ration in a natural state. However, these heifers consumed materially less of the pelleted ration and converted the feed to flesh as efficiently as the more rapidly gaining control group of heifers. There was definite evidence that the heifers consuming the pelleted ration ruminated less and craved coarse roughage. The experiment reported here was designed to determine if feeding limited quantities of natural roughage would stimulate feed consumption and permit normal rumination and normal gains of heifers fed pelleted rations.
Open Access
Level of winter protein supplementation for steer calves both wintered and summer grazed on bluestem pasture.
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-10-18) Smith, E.F.; Koch, B.A.; Richardson, D.; Cox, R.F.
This is the third trial of this experiment. In addition to this year's test, a three-year summary is included in this circular. The test is designed to study the level of protein supplementation most desirable for wintering steer calves on dry bluestem pasture that are to be sold off summer grass as stocker or feeder yearlings. Results of this test are measured primarily by the combined winter and summer performance of the steers.
Open Access
Self-feeding urea molasses and the feeding of Aureomycin to steer calves wintered on bluestem pasture.
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-10-18) Smith, E.F.; Koch, B.A.; Richardson, D.; Cox, R.F.
In this study a self-fed, urea-molasses mixture is being compared to molasses self-fed plus 1.3 pounds of soybean meal in an effort to determine if a urea-molasses mixture self-fed on dry grass will serve as an adequate source of protein and energy. Another phase of the experiment is to determine if aureomycin will improve the performance of calves wintered outside exposed to the hazards of winter weather.
Open Access
Three-year summary-level of winter supplementation for steer calves both winter and summer grazed on bluestem pastures.
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-10-18) Smith, E.F.; Cox, R.F.; Koch, B.A.; Baker, F.H.
The primary object of this test was to find the most desirable level of protein supplementation for wintering steer calves on dry bluestem pasture that are to be sold off summer grass as stocker or feeder yearlings.
Open Access
Adaptability of breeds of rams and breed-types of range ewes to market lamb production in Kansas.
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-10-18) Menzies, C.; Bell, T.D.; Holland, L.A.; Nelson, E.
Western ewes of the three predominant types (Texas ewes or finewools, Northwest Blackface Crossbreds, and' Northwest Whiteface Crossbreds) commonly found in Kansas were obtained as ewe lambs in the fall of 1951 and bred to Hampshire, Suffolk, Shropshire, and Southdown rams for five seasons. A different set of rams has been used each year, and the ewes have been rotated so that they were bred to a different breed of ram each year. Lamb and wool production records have been kept on the different types of ewes, and lamb production figures have been obtained for the four sire groups.
Open Access
The relationship of physical balance to the utilization of pelleted and nonpelleted rations for lambs
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-10-18) Menzies, C.; Bell, T.D.; Richardson, D.; Cox, R.F.; Striegel, W.D.
Physical balance of lamb-fattening rations has been studied in this project for several years. This is the fourth year that this project has been set up to study the effect of pelleting rations of varying proportions of roughages and concentrates upon feed-lot performance and feed efficiency compared with similar unpelleted rations. For the past two years both dehydrated and field-cured alfalfa hay have been used as roughages.
Open Access
Metabolism of carotenoid pigments and Vitamin A by swine. Provitamin A from alfalfa and yellow corn and gelatin-stabilized Vitamin A as sources of Vitamin A for weanling pigs.
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-10-18) Parrish, D.B.; Aubel, C.E.
There is relatively little information on the utilization of vitamin A of different sources by weanling pigs. In this test, three sources of vitamin A were used: (1) a gelatin-stabilized vitamin A product, (2) carotene as supplied by high-quality alfalfa meal, and (3) carotene and cryptoxanthin as supplied by yellow corn. Alfalfa and yellow corn were analyzed for carotene and crude cryptoxanthin and units of vitamin A calculated by multiplying micrograms of these carotenoid pigments by 1.6 and 0.8, respectively.
Open Access
The value of progen, arsanilic acid, and Terramycin antibiotic in the ration of fattening pigs in dry lot.
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-10-18) Aubel, C.E.
The use of arsanilic acid in swine rations has been receiving experimental attention for several years. It follows the use of arsenicals that have been used in medical practice hundreds of years. Fowler's solution containing 1 percent arsenic trioxide, a cheap but toxic inorganic arsenic, was first used as a tonic to improve the appearance and well-being of animals. The toxic properties of trioxide, however, greatly limited its use except as a general tonic in veterinary practice.
Open Access
The value of Furazolidone nf-180 and Terramycin antibiotic in the rations of fattening pigs in the dry lot.
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-10-14) Aubel, C.E.
One of the most critical problems of the swine industry is disease. Antibiotics have been demonstrated to be effective in keeping some diseases at a low level. The nitrofurans have shown good results for certain specific diseases in poultry. Their effect in swine feeding is little known, for few experiments have been carried on feeding them to swine. This experiment was initiated to study the effect of furazolidone nf-180 in rations for growing and fattening swine. In this test four lots of fall pigs were self-fed free choice a basal ration of shelled corn and a mixed protein supplement in dry lot in winter. The mixed protein supplement was made up of 4 parts tankage, 4 parts soybean meal, 1 part linseed meal, and 1 part alfalfa meal.