Cattlemen's Day, 1986

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Open Access
Effect of sodium bicarbonate and sodium bentonite on digestion and ruminal fermentation of forage sorghum silage-based rations fed to growing steers
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-12-10) Jacques, K.; Axe, D.; Harris, T.; Harmon, D.; Bolsen, K.
One percent sodium bicarbonate increased intake of a 50% silage-50% grain ration, but had no effect on intake of an 84% sorghum silage ration. Adding concentrate (rolled sorghum grain) lowered rumen pH slightly and decreased acid detergent fiber and starch digestion. The bicarbonate had no effect on digestibility, but 2% bentonite lowered digestibility of neutral and acid detergent fiber. Neither compound affected ruminal fermentation characteristics.
Open Access
The Manhattan weather in 1984 and 1985
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-12-10) Bark, L.D.
The charts that follow show graphically the daily weather in Manhattan during the last 2 years. Each chart has three smooth curves to represent the average weather conditions at Manhattan based on 70 years of records from the Experiment Station files. The two smooth curves near the top of the charts show the average maximum and minimum temperatures that occur throughout the year. They reach a low point in mid-,January and climb to a peak in mid-July. The smooth curve in the lower part of the chart indicates the average accumulative precipitation during the year. Starting at zero on January 1, it gradually increases throughout the year until it reaches the average annual total precipitation on December 31. This curve climbs quite steeply during mid-year, when considerable rain occurs in Kansas, and less steeply at the beginning and end of the year, when only small amounts of snow or rain are received. The actual temperature and accumulated precipitation totals that occurred throughout 1984 and 1985 are also plotted on these charts so that the ‘weather" can be compared with the climatic averages. Note that on the actual precipitation curve, a horizontal section indicates no rain in that period, and a vertical section means that rain occurred that day.
Open Access
Effect of moisture, bale type, and a preservative on alfalfa hay quality and feeding value
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-12-10) Laytimi, A.; Arledge, J.; Grimes, C.; Bolsen, K.
In the first of two alfalfa hay experiments, lambs fed small bale hays averaged 16% better gains and feed conversions than those fed large bale hays; Fresh Cut®-treated hay gave 9% better performance than untreated hays; and medium-moisture hays produced 12% faster and more efficient gains than low-moisture hays. In the second experiment, hay baled above 30% moisture had excessive heating, more discoloration and mold growth, higher storage losses, and lower dry matter and protein digestibilities compared with 15% moisture hay.
Open Access
Effect of moisture and bale type on alfalfa hay quality and digestibility
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-12-10) Laytimi, A.; Grimes, C.; Bolsen, K.
Third cutting alfalfa was baled in large rectangular bales (1,400 to 1,800 lb) and in small conventional bales (70 to 90 lb) at three moisture levels: low 00%), medium (16%), and high (22%). During 120 days of storage under a roof, the high moisture, large bales heated the most, reaching 1280 F by 2 days post-baling in a first peak and 133 ̊F in a second peak by the 11th day. Moderate heating occurred in the high moisture, small bales (l08° F) and medium moisture, large bales (103 ̊F). Only the high moisture bales, either small or large, had significant dry matter loss during storage. Also, heating decreased water soluble carbohydrates and increased the concentration of cell wall contents by the end of storage. A three-period collection and digestion trial with lambs showed higher voluntary intakes of small bale hays than of large bale hays and higher intakes of high moisture hays than of low moisture hays. Also, the dry matter and crude protein digestibilities were lowest for the high moisture, large bales. Storing alfalfa hay in large bales at 22% moisture resulted in extensive heating, which increased storage loss and decreased nutrient content and digestibility.
Open Access
Effect of thiabendazole on gains of stockers grazing 50% endophyte fungus-infected, tall fescue pastures
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-12-08) Brazle, F.
Thiabendazole (TBZ®) wormer pellets were added to either a mineral or grain mix in two experiments with steers grazing 50% endophyte fungus-infected, tall fescue pastures. Research from other stations has suggested that TBZ® partially overcomes the toxicity of endophyte fungus. In our experiments, steers received .2 g of TBZ® per 100 lb body weight per day, but daily gain was not improved during the grazing period.
Open Access
Bovatec® vs. Rumensin® fed in free-choice mineral-grain mixtures on early intensively grazed, native grass
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-12-08) Brazle, F.; Kuhl, Gerry L.
The performance of grazing heifers offered a free-choice mineral or two mineral-grain-ionophore mixtures was evaluated in 3-year study. Heifers ate more of the supplement containing Bovatec® than that containing Rumensin® (P<.05). Heifers fed Bovatec® gained faster (P<.10) than those fed Rumensin® or the control mineral mixture.
Open Access
Evaluation of an experimental silage inoculant in laboratory and farm silos using alfalfa and forage sorghum
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-12-08) Bolsen, K.; Smith, R.; Ilg, H.; Fung, Daniel Y. C.; dfung
An experimental microbial inoculant dramatically increased the speed of pH drop and rate and amount of lactic acid production in alfalfa at both 60 and 90 F storage temperatures. In two trials with forage sorghums, the inoculant did not affect the silage fermentation at 60 F but it did produce small improvements in silages at 90 F. In general, sorghum silages at 60 F fermented slower and had high pH values, lower lactic acid, and higher acetic acid contents than silages at 90 F. The response to the additive in a farm silo trial was not consistent for the criteria measured. Ensiling temperatures, chemical compositions, and dry matter recoveries were similar for control and inoculated silages. However, calves fed treated silage had a 5.9% better feed conversion, which resulted in 4.4 lb more gain per ton of ensiled crop
Open Access
Evaluation of Rumensin® in late season, salt-limited, protein supplements fed to grazing steers and heifers
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-12-08) Corah, L.R.; Brazle, F.K.
Even though an average daily Rumensin® consumption of over 100 mg per was achieved in all three trials, it did not significantly improve daily gains of steers or heifers grazing late-season native range. Late-season protein supplementation improved average daily gain by over .2 lb per head.
Open Access
Effect of salinomycin on performance of grazing stocker heifers
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-12-08) Lomas, Lyle W.; llomas
The effect of feeding 0, 25, 50, 100, or 150 mg of salinomycin per head daily on performance of stocker heifers grazing smooth bromegrass pasture was evaluated in a 126-day trial. Feeding 100 or 150 mg of salinomycin per head daily produced the fastest gain.
Open Access
Effect of inoculants on the fermentation of wheat, alfalfa, and sorghum silages
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-12-08) Bolsen, K.; Smith, R.; Ilg, H.; Fung, Daniel Y. C.; dfung
Results from three laboratory silo experiments showed that four commercial silage inoculants increased fermentation rate, particularly during the first 4 days of the ensiling process. The effects of the additives on pH drop and lactic acid production were greater in wheat and alfalfa than in forage sorghum.
Open Access
A comparison of selected breed crosses on growth rate during long-term grazing
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-12-08) Riley, Jack G.; Pope, Ronald V.; rvpope
Brahman crossbred and Simmental crossbred calves gained similarly during a 312-day, native range grazing study. Longhorn crossbreds gained less than the Brahman or Simmental crosses but more than the British crossbreds, which served as controls. Most of the gain advantage was obtained during the summer portion (April 30-September 20) of the project.
Open Access
Effect of rotational grazing by yearlings on early-intensive, double-stocked, native grass
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-12-08) Brazle, F.; Kuhl, Gerry L.
Continuous, early-intensive (double-stocked) grazing vs. early-intensive grazing using a two-pasture, 16 to 18-day rotation were compared in three experiments. No significant differences were found (P>.15) in daily gains of stockers or forage remaining after the 2 ½ month grazing season
Open Access
Experimental implant evaluated in grazing yearling steers
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-12-08) Laudert, S.; Sauerwein, C.
An experimental implant containing Beta-estradiol increased (P<.05) daily gain of grazing yearling steers by 15.5% compared to controls. Compudose implants increased (P<.01) daily gain by 13.5%. There was no gain difference between the experimental implant and Compudose.
Open Access
Effect of sodium bicarbonate on gains of stocker cattle fed grain on tall fescue pastures
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-12-08) Brazle, F.
Adding sodium bicarbonate to the grain supplement of steers grazing lush, low endophyte, tall fescue pasture had no effect on cattle performance.
Open Access
Additive-treated corn silage for growing cattle
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-12-08) Bolsen, K.; Smith, R.; Ilg, H.; Axe, D.
The response of corn silage to the additive, Silo-Best Soluble®, was not consistent for the farm silo criteria measured. Ensiling temperatures and chemical compositions were similar for control and treated silages, except for ethanol, which was lower in the treated silage. Dry matter recovery favored the treated silage in both the top and bottom halves of the silos and in buried bags. Although daily gains were similar for calves fed control and treated silages, feed conversion was slightly better for those fed control silage.
Open Access
Whole-plant grain sorghum silages for growing cattle
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-12-08) Smith, R.; Bolsen, K.; Hoover, J.
Four trails were conducted to determine the effects of processing (rolling before feeding, with rolls set to break 95% of the kernels) and stage of maturity at harvest on the nutritive value of whole-crop grain sorghum silages for growing cattle. Rolling mid-dough silages did not improve feeding value. However, rolling at later maturity stages increased cattle gains and feed efficiencies, with the more mature, hard-grain silages giving the greatest response. Only starch digestibility was consistently affected (increased) by processing. Silage dry matter (DM) intake tended to increase, but feed efficiencies tended to decrease with advancing maturity. Neither average daily gains nor DM digestibilities were affected by stage of maturity at harvest. However, starch and crude protein (CP) digestibilities were highest for the late-dough silage in one trial and for the early-dough silage in another. Dry matter content and DM recovery from the silos increased and silage CP content decreased with advancing maturity.
Open Access
Effect of maturity at harvest on yield and composition of hybrid grain and forage sorghum silages
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-12-08) Smith, R.; Bolsen, K.; Walter, T.; Kirch, B.
Results from two trials indicate that grain sorghums can produce high, whole-crop dry matter yields in a short time. Although grain sorghum whole-crop silage may yield less tonnage than forage sorghum, its higher crude protein and grain-to-forage ratio could more than compensate for the difference. Maximum yields, both whole-crop and grain, were obtained at late-dough maturity in both years. However, since high quality silages were made at each harvest stage, grain sorghums had a relatively long harvest season. Grain sorghums had a dry matter content suitable for ensiling over the range of maturities studied. In addition, their yield and nutrient content reached a plateau at the late-dough and hard-grain stages.
Open Access
Effect of maturity at harvest on yield, composition, and feeding value of hybrid forage sorghum silages
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-12-08) Dickerson, J.; Bolsen, K.; Hamma, S.; Hoover, J.
Results from three trials showed the diversity among forage sorghum hybrids for both agronomic and nutritive characteristics. Later maturing and nonheading hybrids produced silages with low dry matter (DM) contents, low pH values, high levels of fermentation acids, and low voluntary intakes. Earlier maturing and moderate grain-producing hybrids, but their silages had high DM contents and higher voluntary intakes. Stage of maturity at harvest had surprisingly little influence on silage chemical composition, intake, or digestibility.
Open Access
How stems of sorghum silage are digested
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-12-08) Harbers, L.H.; Schweitzer, R.A.
Upper and lower portions of stem from three sorghum cultivars were ensiled and then subjected to rumen fermentation. The lower stems were readily digested, whereas the upper sections were poorly utilized. Several microscopic techniques were used to help explain the difference.
Open Access
Influence of ionophore addition to high-grain diets on net nutrient absorption
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-12-03) Harmon, D.L.; Avery, T.B.
Adding ionophores to a high grain diet increased glucose absorption and decreased the transport of urea back into the gut. These changes are consistent with the antibiotic effects of these compounds. Decreased microbial activity in the gut and shifts in the pattern of absorbed nutrients may help explain the improvements in feed efficiency seen with ionophore addition.