Livestock Feeders' Day, 1953

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Open Access
Factors influencing the salt requirements of beef cattle. The effect of withholding salt on the growth and condition of steers.
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2012-01-25) Smith, E.F.; Parrish, D.B.; Splitter, E.J.
The object of this test was to learn what effect withholding salt, has on fattening calves. Twenty good quality Hereford steer calves were divided into two lots of 10 steers each and were self-fed a mixture of 1 pound of chopped alfalfa hay to 3 pounds of ground milo grain for 203 days in 1951-52. The only difference in treatment was that salt was withheld from one lot and offered free choice in the other lot.
Open Access
The improvement of beef cattle through breeding methods.
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2012-01-19) Smith, W.H.; Holland, L.A.; Ibsen, H.L.
The purebred Shorthorn cattle breeding project has proceeded according to plan this year. The project was planned to facilitate the collection of production data which will be used to devise testing and breeding procedures useful to cattlemen for the improvement of cattle. Pedigree barriers were established in the original College herd for the development of two inbred lines. College Premier 29th, 2368167, and Gregg Farms Hoarfrost, 2492499, have been used as herd sires for this purpose and the inbred lines have been designated as the Wernacre Premier and Mercury lines for these respective sires. An inbreeding program was initiated for the Wernacre Premier line in 1949 and the first inbred calves were produced in 1950. Calves representing the second generation of inbreeding were produced in 1952. The inbreeding program for the Mercury line was initiated in 1952 and the first in bred calves for this line will be produced in 1953.
Open Access
Ratio of roughage to grain for fattening steer calves
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2012-01-19) Richardson, D.; Smith, E.F.; Cox, R.F.
The physical balance or ratio of roughage to concentrates is an important factor to consider in the ration of fattening cattle. Beef cattle serve as one of the principal means of marketing roughage. Since a large amount of roughage is produced in Kansas and throughout the Midwest, it is desirable to have information concerning the maximum amount of roughage that can be used in fattening rations, consistent with maximum and economical production. This experiment was planned to secure information on the effects of different levels of roughage on average daily gain, teed requirement per unit of gain, quality of finish, carcass quality and selling price.
Open Access
Fundamental nutrition studies of sorghum roughages and grain. A comparison of rolled, coarsely ground and finely ground milo grain for fattening yearling steers.
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2012-01-19) Smith, E.F.; Parrish, D.B.
Good to choice quality Hereford steers were used in this test. They were purchased in the fall of 1951 and used in winter feeding tests. For the test reported here, they were lotted as equally as possible in regard to previous treatment. All lots were treated the same in this test except for the method of grain preparation. The grain was self-fed. The cottonseed oilmeal was fed in a separate bunk. Prairie hay was fed in quantities that would be readily cleaned up by each lot. The rolled milo was dry rolled and appeared satisfactory upon emergence from the roller; however, after sacking and when it was finally fed to the cattle, it was broken into small particles and somewhat powdered. The coarsely ground or cracked milo was the product of a burr mill. A hammer mill was used to prepare the finely ground milo, which was ground to a coarse, mealy mixture.
Open Access
The effect of feeding alfalfa straw sprayed with a curing agent to heifer calves.
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2012-01-19) Smith, E.F.; Richardson, D.; Roderick, L.M.; Cox, R.F.
Ten good quality Hereford heifer calves were divided into two lots of five calves each fur use in this test. They were the lightest heifers of 80 head purchased from the Brite Ranch at Marfa, Texas. They were fed prairie hay and 1 pound of soybean pellets per head daily until started on test December 22, 1952. The alfalfa straw used in the test was obtained in the vicinity of the college. The sprayed straw came from Dr. N. D. Harwood and was produced on a farm a few miles west of Manhattan, Kansas. It was stemmy but had a good green color. The non-sprayed straw was obtained from Mr. Floyd Cederberg's farm a few miles south of Manhattan, Kansas. It was not as stemmy or as green in color as the Harwood straw. It appeared to have more leaves. The two straws were not comparable in some respects but it was not possible to find more suitable straw, sprayed and non-sprayed. Other data, such as effect of the chemical on the alimentary tract, various organs, tissue, and the extent of its presence in the animal body, will be collected when the animals are slaughtered.
Open Access
Adapting roughages varying in quality and curing processes to the nutrition of beef cattle. A comparison of alfalfa silage and alfalfa hay; prairie hay and corn cobs; a special supplement vs. corn and soybean oilmeal.
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2012-01-19) Smith, E.F.; Richardson, D.; Cathcart, R.B.; Cox, R.F.
The Hereford heifers used in this test were of good to choice quality from the Brite Ranch at Marfa, Texas. They were delivered to Manhattan, Kansas, November 3, 1952, at a cost of 23 cents per pound. From that date until started on test December 22, 1952, they were fed prairie hay and 1 pound of soybean pellets per head daily. The first cutting alfalfa fed to Lots 1, 2, and 3 came from the same field. No preservative was used in making the silage. The wilted alfalfa was left in the field from 30 minutes to 3 hours. The non-wilted was cut, raked, picked up with H silage cutter, and hauled to the silo as rapidly as possible. The special supplement fed to Lot 5 at the rate of 3 pounds per head daily was of the following; composition: soybean oilmeal, 2.25 pounds; molasses, 0.50 pound; steamed bonemeal, 0.18 pound; salt, 0.06 pound; vitamin supplement, 0.01 pound (2,250 A and 400 D per gram).
Open Access
Wintering, grazing, and fattening steer calves. 1.) The value of trace minerals in a wintering and fattening ration. 2.) Self feeding grain in drylot vs. self-feeding on bluestem pasture
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2012-01-19) Smith, E.F.; Cox, R.F.
Chemical analysis of the feeds commonly fed in this area has revealed no deficiency in the trace minerals, copper, cobalt, iron, manganese, and iodine, in view of what we know of the requirements of cattle for these minerals. It is possible that for some reason the minera1s present are not available to the animal in sufficient quantity and perhaps not in the proper ratio. One of the objectives of this test is to determine the effect of introducing; trace minerals at a commonly used level into standard Kansas wintering and fattening rations. Another phase of the test is to compare self-feeding grain in drylot to self-feeding grain on grass for calves handled in the deferred full-feeding program. The system of deferred full-feeding, using good quality steer calves, consists of three phases: (1) producing 225-250 pounds of gain during the winter; (2) grazing 90 days without grain; (3) full-feeding 100 days in the drylot.
Open Access
Comparison of antibiotics implanted under the skin and fed in the ration of fattening pigs.
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2012-01-04) Richardson, D.; Swenson, M.J.
Twenty-five purebred female Poland-China pigs about 10 weeks of age were divided into five lots of five pigs each. The pigs were self-fed in pens having concrete floors. Water barrels with automatic watering cups were used. Since this experiment was conducted during the summer, the pigs were sprayed with water once a day. The basal ration consisted of 72.5 percent milo grain, 15 percent soybean oil meal, 5 percent alfalfa meal, 5 percent tankage, 2 percent steamed bonemeal, and 5 percent salt. All pigs received this ration. The difference in the various treatments was the kind of antibiotic and how it was given to the pigs. A summary of the treatments and the results is given in the accompanying table.
Open Access
The effect of antibiotics (Aureomycin-B12 supplement) on weaning pigs in the dry lot
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2012-01-04) Aubel, C.E.
The use of antibiotics in swine nutrition has received much attention the last few years. Research has shown that different vitamin B12 antibiotic supplements stimulate gains and improve feed efficiency in growing and fattening swine. One problem arising from its use is the relative efficiency of the B12-antibiotic supplement in plant protein supplement diets and in mixed plant and animal protein supplement diets.
Open Access
Project State 347: Adaptability of breeds of rams and breed types of range ewes to market lamb production in Kansas
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2012-01-04) Bell, T.D.; Holland, L.A.
During the fall of 1951, ewe lambs representing the three types of ewes commonly used in Kansas were secured from southern Utah. One-third of these 140 lambs were of straight Rambouillet or finewool breeding and similar to Texas ewes; one-third of the lambs wore sired by Columbia rams out of Columbia x Rambouillet ewes and were similar to the Northwestern whiteface croRsbred ewos commonly obtained from the Northwestern range area; and one-third of the lambs were sired by Suffolk rams and out of whiteface crossbred ewes and were similar to Northwestern blackface ewes. These ewes will be maintained at the College as long as their productive life will permit and careful records will be kept of their wool production as well as their lamb production when mated to different breeds of rams. Other factors of economic importance, such as longevity and the ability to produce early lambs, will be studied.
Open Access
Project Commercial 108: Salt Research with feeder lambs
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2012-01-04) Bell, T.D.; Hix, E.L.; Erhart, A.B.; Parrish, D.B.; Underbjerg, G.K.L.
Experiments designed to test the need and value of salt in the rations of feeder lambs have been conducted by the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station for the past three years. The tests have shown that feedlot gains and feedlot efficiency are reduced when supplemental salt is withheld from the rations of fattening lambs in the feedlot. When the lamb were all slaughtered after a uniform feeding period, the lambs receiving no salt had lower yielding and lower grading carcasses than the lambs given salt.
Open Access
Supplemental report concerning the use of Stilbestrol
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2012-01-04) Bell, T.D.; Smith, W.H.; Erhart, A.B.
Since the preparation of the original report on the lamb feeding studies at the Garden City Station, additional information has been obtained concerning the effect of stilbestrol upon the reproductive organs of wether lambs which may result in serious malfunction of the excretory system and possible death of the treated animals.
Open Access
Methods of wintering yearling steers on dry bluestem pasture, Four-year summary, 1948-52.
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2012-01-04) Smith, E.F.; Cox, R.F.; Pickett, A.G.
The object of this test was to compare different protein supplements and methods of feeding them to yearling steers on dry bluestem pasture during- the winter. The steers were good to choice quality Hereford yearlings. They were wintered in pastures that were stocked at a normal rate during the previous summer; however, a plentiful supply of dry dead grass was available for each of the lots during the years in which these tests were conducted. From 6 to 19 acres of grass were allowed per steer for the winter. In each year except 1951-52 the steers were purchased in the fall in moderately thin flesh. In 1951-52 the steers were purchased in the spring of 1951 find grazed on bluestem pasture during the summer. In the fall of 1951 when started on this test they carried a moderate amount of flesh. The wintering period of the four-year test extended from mid-December until the latter part of April and averaged 138 days in length.
Open Access
Feedlot and milo stubble fattening tests with feeder lambs. Studies carried on by the Department of Animal Husbandry and the Garden City Branch Experiment Station.
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2012-01-04) Bell, T.D.; Erhart, A.B.
The tests this year compared whole milo with steam rolled milo, and with ground milo when fed with a standard roughage ration of ground sorghum stover plus a protein supplement and supplemental salt and limestone. The roughage comparisons included: (1) all sorghum stover, (2) all alfalfa hay, (3) one-half alfalfa hay and one-half sorghum stover (with and without a protein supplement), and (4). part sorghum stover and part sorghum silage.
Open Access
Methods of wintering yearling steers on bluestem pasture, 1951-52.
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2012-01-04) Smith, E.F.; Cox, R.F.; Fansher, S.B.
Thirty head of good quality, about 750-pound, Hereford yearling steers were used in the test which was started December 7, 1951. The steers were purchased in the spring of 1951 and had been grazed on bluestem pasture during the summer and fall. They carried a moderate amount of flesh. They lost some flesh during October and November when they were on grass alone prior to the start of winter tests. The steers were sprayed twice with B.H.C. for lice. All of the pastures in which the steers were wintered had been grazed the previous summer at normal stocking rates, but a plentiful supply of dry grass remained. From 6 to 13 acres of pasture were allowed each steer. The 30 steers were divided into three lots of 10 steers each and received the following supplements in addition to dry bluestem pasture from December 7, 1951, to April 29, 1952. Lot 1-2 pounds of cottonseed oil meal pellets daily, salt, and mineral (bonemeal and salt). Lot' 2-4 pounds of cottonseed oil meal pellets every other day (average 2 pounds a day), salt, and mineral (bonemeal and salt). Lot 3-Cottonseed oil meal and salt self-fed, and mineral (bonemeal and salt). (The salt was mixed with the cottonseed oil meal to limit its consumption and make it possible to self-feed the cottonseed oil meal. This mixture was fed in a self-feeder.) The cottonseed oil meal pellets were fed on the ground.
Open Access
Comparison of different methods of managing bluestem pastures.
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2012-01-04) Smith, E.F.; Anderson, K.L.
The objectives of this experiment are to determine the effects of different stocking rates, deferred grazing, and burning on livestock gains, productivity of pastures, and the bluestem vegetation itself.
Open Access
The most efficient level of wineter protein feeding for yearling steers wintered and summer grazed on bluestem pasture.
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2012-01-04) Smith, E.F.; Cox, R.F.; Holland, L.A.
Twenty head of good quality Hereford yearling steers, 10 head to a lot, were used in this study. They originated in southeastern Colorado and were purchased as calves in the fall of 1951 for 42 cents a pound. They were used in summer grazing tests on bluestem pasture in 1952. From November 1 until December 31, 1952, when this test started, they were on bluestem pasture supplemented with 1 pound of soybean pellets. During this test the steers were moved from pasture to pasture every 15 days to minimize any differences due to pastures. The pastures in which the steers were grazed were of such size as to vary the stocking rate from 6 to 19 acres per head. All pastures used in this winter test had sufficient grass remaining on them for winter use. although they were stocked at a normal rate for the summer of 1952.
Open Access
Project 253-2: Wintering, grazing, and fattening heifers, 1951-52.
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2012-01-04) Smith, E.F.; Good, D.L.; Cox, R.F.
Forty-five good quality Hereford heifer calves were purchased ill south-central Kansas for use in this test. They were ted silage, prairie hay, 1 pound of protein, and 2 pounds of milo grain per head daily until the test started December 11, 1951. The five lightest heifers were discarded and the 40 remaining were divided into four lots of 10 heifers each. The system of management for each lot follows: Lot 1-Wintered on sorghum silage, prairie hay. 1 pound of cottonseed cake, and 2 pounds of milo grain per head daily, free access to mineral (bonemeal and salt) and salt; grazed on bluestem pasture May 1 to July 15; full-fed in dry lot to choice grade. Lot 2-Wintered on dry bluestem pasture, 2 pounds cottonseed oil meal pellets per head daily, mineral (bonemeal and salt), and free access to salt; grazed on bluestem pasture until July 15; full-fed in dry lot to the choice grade. Lot 3-Wintered on brome pasture supplemented when necessary with protein, free access to mineral (bonemeal and salt) and salt; grazed on brome pasture until July 15; full-fed in dry lot to the choice grade.
Open Access
Wintering heifer calves that are to be fattened for the fall market.
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2012-01-04) Smith, E.F.; Good, D.L.; Cox, R.F.; Mackintosh, D.L.
Thirty good quality Hereford heifer calves, 10 head to a lot, are being used in this study. They were delivered to Manhattan, Kansas, on September 15, 1952, at a cost of 29 cents per pound. They originated in the Sterling City, Texas, area. From delivery date until November 15, 1952, they were fed prairie hay and 1 pound of soybean oil meal pellets per head daily. The system of management planned for each lot follows. Lot 19-Wintered on brome pasture supplemented when necessary with protein; grazed on brome pasture until July 15; full-fed in the drylot 100 days. Lot 7-Wintered on dry bluestem pasture supplemented with 1 ½ to 2 pounds of concentrate feed per head daily; grazed on bluestem pasture until July 15; full-fed in drylot 100 days. Lot 8-Wintered on Atlas sorgo silage, prairie hay, 1 pound of soybean pellets and 2 pounds of corn per head daily; grazed on bluestem pasture May 1 to July 15; full-fed in drylot 100 days.
Open Access
Wintering and grazing steer calves: Methods of wintering steer calves that are to be grazed a full season and sold off grass, 1951-52.
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2012-01-04) Smith, E.F.; Good, D.L.; Cox, R.F.
Five lots of good quality Hereford steer calves, 10 head to a lot, were used in this study. They were a part of the light end of a group of 150 steel calves originating at Marfa, Texas, and purchased for experimental purposes. They were received November 8, 1951, and started on test December 22, 1951. Until they were started on test, they were fed sorghum silage, prairie hay, and 1 pound of cottonseed cake per head daily with free access to salt. During the experiment all were fed in drylot, except Lot 1, which was fed out on dry bluestem pasture. All lots had free access to a mineral mixture (bonemeal and salt) and salt during the winter. The different lots received the following rations from December 22,1951. to May 2, 1952: Lot 1-Bluestem pasture and 2 pounds cottonseed cake per head daily; Lot 2-Sorghum silage and 1 pound cottonseed cake per head daily; Lot 3-Prairio hay and 1 pound cottonseed cake per head daily; Lot 4-Prairie hay, 2 pounds milo grain, and 1 pound cottonseed cake per head daily; Lot 5-Prairie hay, 4 pounds milo grain, and 1 pound cottonseed cake per head daily. All lots were grazed on bluestem pasture a full season in 1952 and sold as feeder or stocker yearlings in the fall. A feedstuff analysis of the feeds used in the test may be found in the back of this publication. The final weights are full weights and should be shrunk at least 3 percent for a more complete picture of steer gain.