Livestock Feeders' Day, 1949

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Open Access
The value of mustard seed oil meal as a protein supplement for fattening pigs on alfalfa pasture.
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2012-01-30) Aubel, C.E.
Last year at the Livestock Feeders' Day, results of experiments were given on the use of mustard seed oil meal as a protein supplement for fattening pigs on alfalfa pasture. The results showed that mustard seed oil meal was an excellent protein feed when mixed with tankage and other protein supplements and self-fed free choice. Generally the gains were as cheap or cheaper than where tankage alone was fed and the daily gain were somewhat more rapid with a lower feed consumption. In the tests reported last year the mustard seed oil meal made up as much as 50 percent of the protein mixtures with tankage in some of the lots and at this level proved to be entirely palatable. The results of feeding it in such large proportions were so satisfactory that it was desired to ascertain whether it were possible to increase further the amount of mustard seed meal in the mixture with tankage and still get good results. Consequently two lots of pigs were fed this past summer with an increased percentage of the mustard seed oil meal.
Open Access
Amount and seasonal trend of gains of yearling steers on bluestem pasture
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2012-01-25) Pickett, A.G.; Smith, E.F.
One hundred thirty-five yearling steers which had been wintered as calves at Guymon, Oklahoma, on short grass, sorghum bundles, prairie hay and cottonseed cake, were, furnished to Kansas State College by the Robbins Ranch of Belvidere, Kansas. These steers were thin in flesh but were thrifty in condition. Beginning weights were taken after the steers had been at the college about one week. They were fed hay and a small feed of silage and weighed with a normal fill. No protein or other supplement was fed.
Open Access
Wintering yearling steers on bluestem grass
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2012-01-25) Pickett, A.G.; Smith, E.F.
This current test includes four lots of 10 steers each. The objective is to determine the value of dry bluestem grass as a winter feed for yearling steers. All pastures used for winter grazing had been used the previous summer but were not closely grazed and dry grass was abundant. Steers were given from 12 to 18 acres per head.
Open Access
Influence of winter rations and gains on subsequent pasture gains
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2012-01-25) Pickett, A.G.; Smith, E.F.
Five lots of good steer calves were used in this test which was started in the fall of 1946. Three lots were continued through two winters and two full grazing seasons. The other two lots were full fed as yearlings at the close of the first grazing season. The objects of the test were to use grass to the fullest extent, compare early summer gains with late season gains and to determine the value of feeding a protein supplement on bluestem grass after mid-summer. During the winter periods rations were designed to secure varying rates of gain in order that the influence of winter gains on summer gains might be determined. The comparison of feeds was incidental to the main purpose of this test.
Open Access
Wintering heifer calves that are to be fattened for the summer or early fall market.
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2012-01-25) Pickett, A.G.; Smith, E.F.
Previous tests have shown that two or two and one-half pounds of grain daily will winter heifer calves well, which are to be full fed for an early market either after wintering or following wintering and grazing without grain 75 to 100 days. This wintering phase was preparatory to grazing and feeding. Comparisons are being made of full feeding in the dry lot and feeding on bluestem grass and brome grass of both the well-wintered and rough-wintered heifers. The objectives of this work with heifer calves are: 1. - To determine the best methods of utilizing grass in fattening heifers. 2 - To develope systems of fattening heifers that may be adapted to varying farm and ranch conditions. Dehydrated alfalfa and dehydrated brome grass pellets were compared with soybean meal, cottonseed meal and linseed meal as protein supplements in the winter rations.
Open Access
Fattening heifers for the summer or early fall market
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2012-01-25) Pickett, A.G.; Smith, E.F.
The previous tests with heifer calves have been completed. Pasture was not used in these tests but instead, heifer calves were fed a full feed of grain, three-fourths feed, one-half feed, one-fourth feed and no grain, respectively with silage and a protein supplement. As a result of these tests it was determined that for heifer calves which are to be full fed grain in the dry lot or which are to be grazed 75 to 100 days and then full fed grain for approximately 100 days, two to two and one-half pounds of grain in the winter ration will produce enough flesh to result in U. S. Good carcasses after 100 days of full feeding, yet not too much flesh to justify grazing 75-100 days before full feeding. Beginning with this, the fourth test, a study was initiated to determine the best way to utilize bluestem and brome grass in fattening heifers.
Open Access
Factors influencing the keeping qualities and nutritional value of frozen meat.
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2012-01-25) Mackintosh, D.L.; Watt, D.B.
The enormous increase in the use of frozen foods and in the number of frozen locker plants offering freezer storage to the individual. together, have emphasized the need for more research in the field of frozen meat preservation. In order to meet this need a greater part of the research program on meat at the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station has been devoted to this field of study for several years.
Open Access
Comparison of Hereford steers sired by small, medium and large size bulls.
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2012-01-25) Weber, A.D.; Pickett, A.G.; Mackintosh, D.L.
The Kansas, Oklahoma, and Ohio Agricultural Experiment Stations are cooperating in this study, which is supported by grants from the American Hereford Association. In October, 1948, each station received 96 steer calves from the following commercial herds: Bar 13 Ranch, P. K. Ranch, and O. M. Wallop, Sheridan, Wyoming; and M. C. Simpson, Volborg, Montana. These steer calves, sired by small, medium, and large size bulls are being compared at each of the three stations under three standard systems of feeding and management. System I involves immediate full feeding for 225 days. System II represents a deferred full feeding program in which the steers calves are wintered well, grazed without grain from May 1 to August 1, and then full fed in dry lot 100 days. System III has for its objective the production of two-year old grass fat steers without the feeding of grain. Phases under this system include: wintering as calves without grain; grazing as yearlings a full season without supplemental feed; wintering as yearlings without grain; grazing as two-year olds without supplemental feed and selling as slaughter cattle directly off pasture.
Open Access
The relationship of physical balance of the ration to energy value and tissue formation in fat lambs.
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2012-01-25) Cox, R.F.; Mackintosh, D.L.; Smith, E.F.; Hughes, J.S.
Many tests have been completed at this station bearing on some phase of physical balance in sheep rations. Differences in gains consistently have favored a medium proportion of concentrates to roughage over either more concentrated or more bulky rations. It was deemed advisable to determine whether this difference in gains would be expressed in the distribution of fat throughout the carcass.
Open Access
The limited feeding of tankage in the ration of fattening pigs when self-fed corn on alfalfa pasture.
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2012-01-25) Aubel, C.E.
To produce swine profitably, it is necessary to make use of forage crops. This practice not only saves grain, but contributes to the general health of the hogs. Since swine feeders are seeking new and cheaper methods of producing hogs on pasture, the limited feeding of tankage for fattening pigs on alfalfa pasture was studied in this feeding trial.
Open Access
Relationship of physical balance and energy value in sheep rations.
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2012-01-25) Cox, R.F.; Hughes, J.S.
It has been demonstrated that the rate of gains and the efficiency of feed utilization by fattening lambs are associated closely with the physical nature of the ration. The manner in which physical balance affects feed utilization however is not known. The objects of the experiments now in progress are: 1. To study additional factors associated with the physical balance of the ration, and, 2.to make further tests of the efficiency of bicarbonate of soda in reducing losses arising from the feeding of rations which are improperly balance physically.
Open Access
Experiments with sodium bicarbonate for the control of feed lot death losses. Sorghum grain and roughage combinations for fattening lambs.
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2012-01-25) Cox, R.F.; Erhart, A.B.
Experiments in the use of bicarbonate of soda for the control of death losses in the feedlot were begun last year. Two small scale tests indicated that it was highly beneficial. In this years experiments, four lots of lambs were used to give further tests of the value of sodium bicarbonate in the feed and in the water.
Open Access
The effect of withholding salt on growth and condition of beef cattle and on digestibility of feed constituents.
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2012-01-25) Smith, E.F.; Parrish, D.B.
The first phase of this experiment pertaining to the effect of withholding salt on growth and condition of steer calves has been completed. The second phase dealing with the effect of withholding salt on the digestibility of the feed nutrients, is in progress. Twelve steer calves, six having free access to salt and six not having access to salt were wintered on bluestem pasture. Each lot received one and one-half pounds of soybean pellets per head daily. Prairie hay was fed when snow covered the grass.
Open Access
Self feeding cottonseed meal mixed with salt to steers as a protein supplement on bluestem grass.
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2012-01-25) Pickett, A.G.; Smith, E.F.
Considerable interest has developed in the possibilities of self feeding a protein supplement to cattle on grass. Self feeding is a labor saving and eliminates the need for rounding up cattle every day. Under usual circumstances, it is impossible to control the amount of supplement consumed when it is self-fed. In an attempt to overcome this limitation a few cattlemen have self-fed a mixture of salt and cottonseed meal. It was found that the salt limited the amount consumed and that by varying the proportion of salt in the mixture it was possible to obtain the desired consumption of cottonseed meal. Preliminary tests were conducted in 1948-49 with two-year old steers on bluestem grass during the last 90 days of the summer grazing season and during the winter with one lot of yearling steers wintered on dry bluestem grass.
Open Access
Effect of grinding on the nutritive value of grain sorghums for fattening steer calves.
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2012-01-25) Smith, E.F.; Parrish, D.B.; Pickett, A.G.
A digestion trial was conducted with twelve steers which were allotted into three lots of four steers each. A ration of Atlas sorgo silage, cottonseed meal and milo grain was fed in all lots. Whole grain was fed in lot 1, coarsely ground grain to lot 2, and finely ground grain to lot 3.
Open Access
Factors influencing rate of gain, quantity of feed consumed and carcass grade, 1948-49.
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2012-01-25) Bell, F.W.; Mackintosh, D.L.; Pickett, A.G.
This report is on two lots of heifer calves now on test in the study of the characteristics of feeder calves which are associated with differences in: 1. Rate of gain 2. Kind and amount of feeds required to produce gains. 3. Value of the carcass. The two lots were selected from 100 heifer calves purchased in November 1948 for feeding tests. These calves graded good to choice as feeders. There was more difference in the condition of the calves when received than there was in those used in the similar trial of 1947-48. This fact may account in part for the differences in results to date as compared with last year's results. The two lots in this trial were sorted by the same method used last year, on the basis of differences in body capacity, chest room, fleshing, form and general appearance. The ten calves in lot 1 are those which were somewhat deficient in one or more of the above characteristics as compared to those in lot 2. All calves were graded individually by using a standard feeder cattle chart.
Open Access
How much meat from a steer?
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2012-01-25) Mackintosh, D.L.; Henrickson, R.W.; Watt, D.B.
How much meat should I have in my locker from a 1000 pound steer? This is the type of question that is asked most frequently by locker patrons. Many people, now using frozen food lockers have little conception of how much meat, the number of pieces, or the type of cuts that they should expect from one carcass. Neither do they realize what happens to a large part of a steer before reaching the locker. Actually a 1000 pound steer will yield approximately 180 pounds of steaks of varied kinds, 180 pounds of roast and pot roasts, and 90 pounds of stew and ground meat making a total of 450 pounds of table meat which is 45 percent of the live weight of the animal. A comparable shrinkage occurs when a hog or a lamb is butchered.
Open Access
Some bacterial observations in frozen pork sausage.
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2012-01-25) Hendrickson, R.L.
The preservation of food by freezing depends upon retarding the rate of microbial, enzymatic, and chemical changes. It is generally agreed that meat and meat products should be sharp-frozen at -10°F. (-23.3°C), and stored at 0 ̊ F. (-17.8°C) or lower to retard such changes. Work conducted by the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station indicates that the quality of fresh pork is preserved for a longer period when frozen and stored at the lower temperature. The general usage of locker plants by individual families, for the storage of perishable products such as meat, poultry, fruits and vegetables, represents one of the most recent developments in the field of food distribution and preservation.
Open Access
A study of factors influencing rate of gain, quantity of feed consumed and carcass grade, 1947-48.
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2012-01-25) Bell, F.W.; Mackintosh, D.L.; Pickett, A.G.
This is a study of the characteristics of feeder calves which are associated with differences in: 1. Rate of gain. 2. Kind and amount of feeds required to make gain. 3. Value of the carcass. The two lots of calves were selected from 100 range-bred heifer calves purchased in November 1947 for feeding tests at this station. These calves graded good to choice feeders and were quite uniform.