Livestock Feeders' Day, 1956

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Open Access
Relative value of carotenoid pigments of new-crop (1954) yellow corn and old-crop (1948-49 government stored) yellow corn and of dehydrated alfalfa for supplying the Vitamin A requirements of weanling pigs.
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-11-07) Parrish, D.B.; Aubel, C.E.
Question has been raised concerning the vitamin A potency of stored yellow corn. Samples of 1954 corn and 1948-49 stored corn were analyzed for provitamin A content by a separation and chemical determination of the carotene and crude cryptoxanthin contents. The 1948-49 sample was found to have a vitamin A activity of about 800 units per pound, slightly less than one-third of that of 1964 corn. In this work 1 mg. of carotene was given a vitamin A value of 1.6 unit-s and cryptoxanthin one-half that value, which are the vitamin A activities previously determined by bioassay with rats. Although much vitamin A activity apparently had been lost during storage of yellow corn, there was still the problem of the availability of the remaining vitamin A for animals. This was studied, using weanling pigs as the experimental animal.
Open Access
Comparative value of corn and whole and ground milo as swine-fattening feeds.
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-11-07) Aubel, C.E.
In many parts of Kansas sorghum grains are grown extensively. In previous feeding tests with hogs at this station, some sorghum grains gave excellent results compared with corn. In 1950 Westland milo and Midland milo gave 12 percent greater daily gains than did corn. The economy in feed per 100 pounds gain was about 5 percent better from sorghum grain than from corn. Because corn has been more difficult to produce in Kansas while sorghum grains have increased in popularity it was thought advisable to get results from a 1956 experiment that compared corn with sorghum grain, with the sorghum grain prepared for feeding in different ways. Five lots of pigs were self-fed in dry lot. All lots received a mixed animal and plant protein supplement of 4 parts tankage, 4 parts soybean meal, 1 part linseed meal, and 1 part alfalfa meal. The milo was an unidentified variety, straight elevator run. Lot 1 received shelled corn; Lot 2, whole milo; Lot 3, dry rolled milo; Lot 4, wet rolled milo; and Lot 5, rolled milo with 5 percent cane molasses added.
Open Access
Free-choice feeding of shelled corn and a protein mixed supplement compared with feeding pigs completely mixed rations in pellet form.
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-11-07) Aubel, C.E.
This experiment consisted of two lots of nine pigs each. Lot 1 pigs were fed free-choice shelled corn and a mixed protein supplement made up of 4 parts tankage, 4 parts soybean meal, 1 part linseed meal, and 1 part alfalfa meal. The supplement had a crude protein percentage of 49. Lot 2 pigs were fed pellets of corn ground and mixed with the same protein supplement at the ratio of 3 ½ parts corn to 1 part supplement. This was fed from 50 pounds, their starting weight, to 75 pounds. The 3 ½ -to-1 pellet had a protein percentage of 19.06. At 75 pounds the ratio of corn to protein supplement was changed to 6 to 1 and fed until the pigs reached 125 pounds. This pellet tested 16.9 percent protein. From 125 pounds to finish the pigs received a pellet with corn to supplement ratio of 9 to 1, which had a protein percentage of 14.3. No antibiotic was fed to either lot.
Open Access
Varying quantities of alfalfa meal in the rations of spring pigs and in the dry lot.
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-11-07) Aubel, C.E.
This experiment was conducted the summer of 1955 with spring pigs to obtain information on maximum use of alfalfa meal in protein supplemental mixtures for pigs in the dry lot. Four lots of pigs were self-fed shelled corn and a mixed protein supplement. Lot 1 pigs were placed on sudangrass pasture and self-fed protein supplement made up of 4 parts tankage, 4 parts soybean meal, 1 part cottonseed meal, and 1 part alfalfa meal. Lot 2 received the same protein supplement as Lot 1 for 38, days or until they weighed 100 pounds. They were then removed from the pasture and put into a dry lot and red a protein supplement or equal parts tankage and alfalfa meal until the close of the experiment, when they weighed 178 pounds. Lot 3 was fed in the dry lot the entire feeding period on a protein mixture of 4 parts tankage, 4 parts soybean meal, and 3 parts alfalfa meal. Lot 4 was fed in the dry lot the entire feeding period with an increased alfalfa meal allowance, a protein supplement mixture of 5 parts tankage and 5 parts alfalfa meal.
Open Access
Project 110, Test 3
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-11-07) Aubel, C.E.
A second experiment was conducted with fall pigs in the dry lot. Two lots of pigs were used. One lot received the RQ-20 in the protein mixture at the rate of 3 pounds to 600 pounds of supplement. The mixture was self-fed with the shelled corn and was composed of 4 parts tankage, 4 parts soybean meal, 1 part alfalfa meal, and 1 part linseed meal in the dry lot.
Open Access
Project 110
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-11-07) Aubel, C.E.
A second experiment was conducted with fall pigs in the dry lot. Two lots of pigs were used. One lot received the RQ-20 in the protein mixture at the rate of 3 pounds to 600 pounds of supplement. The mixture was self-fed with the shelled corn and was composed of 4 parts tankage, 4 parts soybean meal, 1 part alfalfa meal, and 1 part linseed meal in the dry lot.
Open Access
The value of Trimethylalkylammonium Stearate RQ-20 in the rations of fattening pigs on sudangrass pasture.
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-11-07) Aubel, C.E.
A new chemical made from beef tallow, RQ-20, recently has come on the market and has been claimed to be beneficial for young pigs being fed for market. Its benefit arises from its anti-scouring action and it is said to be effective as a growth promoter. The substance is a white powder with a special trimethylalkylammonium stearate as the active ingredient to control scours. Steamed bonemeal is the carrier and supplies minerals in proper ratio. The two are mixed at the rate of 1 part RQ-20 to 4 parts steamed bonemeal.
Open Access
The maximum value of alfalfa meal in protein supplements for pigs on pasture.
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-11-07) Aubel, C.E.
Since pastures for swine are often poor, inadequate, or unavailable in Kansas, there is a growing appreciation of the value of alfalfa hay or meal in the rations of all swine brood sows (and pigs being fed for market). This experiment was designed to secure information on the maximum use of alfalfa meal in protein supplemental mixtures as a substitute for pasture, tested with pigs on summer pasture and in dry lot.
Open Access
The comparative value of Greenleaf sudangrass and common sudangrass as pasture for fattening spring pigs.
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-11-07) Aubel, C.E.
This experiment was conducted in the summer of 1955 with spring pigs on pasture. Its object was Ito compare the quality of the two varieties of sudangrass. Two lots were fed shelled corn and a mixed animal and plant protein supplement made of 4 parts tankage, 4 parts soybean meal, 1 part cottonseed meal, and 1 part alfalfa meal. Both were self-fed, free choice. Lot 1 was pastured on Greenleaf sudangrass; Lot 2 on Common sudangrass.
Open Access
The relationship of physical balance in the utilization of pelleted and nonpelleted rations for lambs.
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-10-31) Bell, T.D.; Richardson, D.; Cox, R.F.; Needham, J.W.
Lamb-fattening rations varying in proportions of roughages to concentrate have been studied in this project several years. In recent years much interest has been shown by commercial lamb feeders in completely pelleted rations, and for the past three years this project has been designed to study the effect of pelleted and nonpelleted rations of varying proportions of roughages and concentrate upon feed-lot performance and feed efficiency.
Open Access
The effects of implanting Stilbestrol in feeder lambs and feeding a Stilbestrol premix to feeder lambs upon the quality and palatabillty of the carcass.
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-10-31) Mackintosh, D.L.; Soule, R.P. Jr.; Bell, T.D.; Hall, J.L.; Harrison, D.; Westerman, B.
Diethylstilbestrol when implanted in growing fattening lambs increases the rate of gain and feeding efficiency, but lowers the yield and the carcass grade. These observations are accepted as a result of work done by several researchers at different experiment stations. None of these investigations made a complete analysis of the carcass; therefore this project was designed to procure additional information regarding the influence of stilbestrol upon the quality and palatability of the carcass.
Open Access
The value of ammoniated hydrol in beef cattle wintering rations.
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-10-31) Richardson, D.; Smith, E.F.; Cox, R.F.
Thirty Hereford heifer calves averaging about 400 pounds each were divided as ,equally as possible into three lots of 10 animals each. All lots received all the sorghum silage they would clean up each day. A mineral mixture of equal parts steamed bonemeal and salt and salt alone were fed free choice. Other ingredient's, which varied in the different rations were as follows: Lot 1-Control, 1 pound soybean oil meal + 3 pounds milo grain. Lot 2-Two pounds dehydrated ammoniated hydrol product + 2 pounds milo grain. Lot 3-0.6 pound soybean oil meal, 2 pounds liquid ammoniated hydrol, and 1. 9 pounds milo grain. All rations were calculated to contain approximately the same amount of protein equivalent and total digestible nutrients. The liquid ammoniated hydrol contained 14.4 percent protein equivalent and the dehydrated ammoniated hydrol product contained 21.2 percent protein equivalent. The dehydrated product is similar to Dex-Mo-Lass except that ammoniated hydrol was used instead of plain hydrol to dry on corn oil meal and corn gluten meal. Soybean oil meal was not used in Lot 2.
Open Access
Sources of phosphorus for wintering beef heifer calves in dry lot.
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-10-31) Richardson, D.; Smith, E.F.; Menzies, C.S.; Cox, R.F.
In a previous test, it was found that phosphoric acid could be used as a source of phosphorus for beef heifers on dry bluestem pasture. A phosphorus balance study with lambs also indicated efficient utilization of phosphorus from phosphoric acid. This test was conducted to further evaluate phosphoric acid as a source of phosphorus in the wintering ration of beef calves in dry lot.
Open Access
The use of live-yeast suspension in beef cattle rations.
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-10-31) Richardson, D.; Baker, F.H.; Harris, J.O.; Smith, E.F.; Cox, R.F.; Bowman, O.M.
The rumen, or paunch, of cattle and sheep normally contains innumerable microorganisms. It has long been recognized that these microscopic organisms help break down complex carbohydrates such as fiber and help synthesize nutrients for the host animal. The efficiency of utilization of rations fed to cattle and sheep is largely determined by the proper balance of these microorganisms in the rumen and a supply of certain basic nutrients such as protein, minerals, and readily available energy. Two strains of live yeast were used as an additive in this experiment to study (1) their value in wintering and fattening rations of steer calves (2) their effect upon digestion and (3) any carryover effect from wintering to grazing.
Open Access
The value of Stilbestrol in the fattening ration of beef steers.
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-10-31) Richardson, D.; Mackintosh, D.L.; Wheat, J.D.; Menzies, C.S.; Cox, R.F.
The addition of stilbestrol to a high-energy fattening ration has consistently demonstrated its ability to increase rate of gain with older or heavier feeder cattle. At the time this test was initiated, there was considerable confusion as to the effect of stilbestrol upon carcass quality. This cooperative test with large numbers of cattle was conducted to obtain further information on rate and efficiency of gain and the effect upon carcass quality.
Open Access
The effect of spaying and feeding Stilbestrol on the performance of heifer calves on wintering (high roughage) rations.
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-10-31) Smith, E.F.; Richardson, D.; Koch, B.A.; Cox, R.F.; Stitt, W.E.
Spaying is the act of removing the ovaries, which are the primary source of the estrogenic hormones. Stilbestrol is a. synthetic compound resembling these estrogenic hormones in its physiological action. Experimental evidence indicates that spaying lowers the rate of gain. whereas stilbestrol has been successfully used in increasing rate of gain in fattening yearling steers. This test is a study of the effect of: 1. spaying, 2. spaying plus stilbestrol. 3. nonspaying, and 4. nonspaying plus stilbestrol, on the performance of heifer calves on a high roughage ration.
Open Access
Winter management for steer calves on a wintering, grazing, and fattening program.
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-10-31) Smith, E.F.; Koch, B.A.; Cox, R.F.; Walker, G.L.
Dry bluestem pasture has been used successfully several years at this station as a source of winter roughage for steer calves that are to be grazed during the summer and sold off grass as feeder or stocker yearlings. This is the first attempt to supplement dry grass during the winter with several pounds of grain combined with protein, in an effort to attain sufficient winter gain so the calves could be finished on grain in the late summer and sold as fat yearlings The test is to determine if dry grass can be supplemented in such a manner that calves will compare favorably in total performance with steer calves wintered on good-quality roughages. The steers will be grazed until August 1 on bluestem pasture, then fattened in dry lot to choice grade.
Open Access
The value of Stilbestrol in beef cattle rations.
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-10-31) Richardson, D.; Smith, E.F.; Cox, R.F.
Twenty-seven Hereford steer calves were divided as equally as possible into three lots of 9 animals each. One lot received stilbestrol at the rate of 6 milligrams per head daily for the first 56 days. The rate was increased to 10 milligrams per head daily for the remainder of the test. Previous work indicated a lower level for young calves might be more desirable during the first part of the feeding period. The other two lots served as controls. Due to lack of pen 'space, they were fed together. All animals will graze bromegrass pasture without stilbestrol this summer. After returning to the feed lot, all animals accept one control lot will receive stilbestrol in the fattening ration.
Open Access
Level of winter protein supplementation for steer calves both wintered and summer grazed on bluestem pasture
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-10-31) Smith, E.F.; Koch, B.A.; Good, D.L.; Walker, G.L.
This is a progress report of the wintering phase of the third trial of this experiment. The results of the other two tests are reported in Circular 308 and elsewhere in this publication. The test is designed to study the level of protein supplementation most desirable for wintering steer calves to be sold off summer grass as stocker or feeder yearlings. Results of the experiment are measured by the combined winter and summer performance of the steers.
Open Access
The value of Stilbestrol in beef cattle rations-Wintering, grazing, and fattening phases.
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-10-31) Richardson, D.; Smith, E.F.; Cox, R.F.; Baker, F.H.
Stilbestrol, a synthetic compound which has a hormonelike effect when taken into the body, has been recognized as a growth-stimulating factor in beef cattle fattening rations. Most of the market cattle in Kansas are handled under the deferred system of feeding. Information was needed on the value of this growth-stimulating ingredient in the deferred cattle-feeding program. This experiment was planned to obtain information on the value of stilbestrol (1) in the wintering ration of beef calves, (2) during grazing, (3) effect of removing stilbestrol from the animals while grazing, (4) when animals return to the feed lot after grazing, (5) effect of long-time continuous feeding, (6) effect upon digestibility of feed, (7) carcass grade, and (8) cooking quality of the meat. The results of the wintering phase are repeated in Table 30. For more complete details on this and the digestion studies, see the 4 2nd Annual Livestock Feeders' Day Report, Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station. Circular 320, pages 50-53, 1955.