Livestock Feeders' Day, 1954

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Open Access
The effect of varying amounts of antibiotics (Aureomycin-B12 supplement) in the protein supplement for swine on sudan pasture.
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2012-01-04) Aubel, C.E.
In recent years the use of antibiotics in swine nutrition has received much attention. Research has shown that different vitamin B12 antibiotic supplements stimulate gains. Antibiotics have been shown to be effective in stimulating rate of gain as much as 18 percent and improving the feed efficiency up to 10 percent when fed in the rations of swine. Not so conclusive evidence has been obtained, however, to show that mere inclusion of an antibiotic in a feed insures the improvement in the well-doing of the pig, unless the antibiotic is fed in adequate amounts, which is from 5.0-7.5 mg. per pound of total feed.
Open Access
Adaptability of breeds of rams and breed-types of range ewes to market lamb production in Kansas.
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2012-01-04) Bell, T.D.; Holland, L.
Western ewes of the three predominant types (Texas ewes or fine wools, Blackface crossbreds, and Northwestern Whiteface crossbreds) commonly found in Kansas were secured as ewe lambs in the fall of 1951 and bred to Hampshire, Suffolk, Shropshire, and Southdown rams two seasons. A different set of yearling rams has been used each year and the ewes are being rotated so that the same ewes are not bred to the same breed of ram each year. Lamb production and wool production records are being obtained from the different types of ewes and lamb production figures are being obtained for the four sire groups.
Open Access
The effect of cottonseed meal and soybean oilmeal fed separately and together upon the digestibility of a ration fed to lambs.
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2012-01-04) Richardson, D.
There is a variation in the digestibility of protein in the various concentrates fed to livestock. It has been shown that the digestibility of nutrients in a ration with a mixture of protein concentrates is closely related to the proportion of the various protein sources in the ration. However, opinions differ on the effect of single and mixed proteins upon the digestibility of protein and other nutrients in the ration of cattle and sheep. This preliminary study was to evaluate further the nutritive value of single and mixed protein concentrates in the lambs' ration.
Open Access
The relationship of physical balance and energy value in sheep rations
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2012-01-04) Bell, T.D.; Richardson, D.; Hughes, J.S.; Parrish, D.B.
Lamb-fattening rations varying in proportions of roughage to concentrates have been studied in this project for several years. Experimental evidence shows that a ratio of 55 percent roughage and 45 percent concentrates has been most efficient in the utilization of feed nutrients. In recent years much interest has been shown by feeders in rations that are ground, mixed, and the entire ration put into a pellet. Objects of the 1953 studies: 1. To determine if a ration of corn and alfalfa hay would produce larger and more economical' gains when fed as pellets than when the bay was fed long and the corn was unground. 2. To determine if certain proportions of roughages to concentrates Were more desirable than others in the completely pelleted ration.
Open Access
Dwarfism in beef cattle
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2012-01-04) Smith, W.H.; Holland, L.A.
During recent years there have been several scientific and numerous breeders' reports on dwarfism in the Angus, Hereford, and Shorthorn breeds of beef cattle. These have described what appear to be several different kinds of dwarfism, only two of which are apparently associated with recognizable types of cattle. Many of the scientific publications have discussed the mode of inheritance as well as the description of the kind of dwarfism considered. The general problem is complex and research pertaining to most phases of it is as yet in the preliminary stages; however, there are some important facts known at this time which should be understood by breeders who are attempting remedial measures to suppress incidence of dwarfism in breeding herds.
Open Access
The value of ammoniated molasses in beef cattle wintering rations
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2012-01-04) Richardson, D.; Smith, E.F.; Baker, F.H.; Cox, R.F.; McReynolds, K.L.
Forty head of good quality Hereford heifer calves were purchased from near Pueblo, Colo. They were divided as equally as possible into four lots of 10 heifers each. The starting ration for each lot is shown in Table 12. These rations were calculated to contain the same protein equivalent and total digestible nutrients per lot. The amount of silage was increased as the experiment progressed and all lots received the same amount. All animals were fed the control ration about a week before starting the experiment. During the experiment, the animals were fed once daily during the morning. The concentrates and molasses were spread over the silage and mixed. Warm water was mixed with the molasses in cold weather to make handling and mixing easier. As a result of thorough mixing, no animal was able to eat more than its share of any ingredient. A mineral mixture of steamed bonemeal and salt was fed free choice. Water was available at all times.
Open Access
Adapting roughages varying in quality and curing processes to the nutrition of beef cattle: A comparison of prairie hay and corn cobs; a special supplement vs. milo grain and cottonseed meal.
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2012-01-04) Smith, E.F.; Richardson, D.; Baker, F.H.; Cathcart, R.B.; Cox, R.F.
Forty good quality Hereford heifer calves were divided as equally as possible into four lots of 10 animals each. The heifers originated in the vicinity of Snyder. Texas. They were dehorned, vaccinated, and branded before starting the experiment. The rations used in this experiment are shown in Table 11. An attempt was made to keep the protein and total digestible nutrients on an equal basis between the prairie hay and corn cob lots. The animals receiving corn cobs as their roughage were given 50,000 International Units of vitamin A per head daily. The 3 pounds of special supplement fed daily to Lot 12 was composed of 2.25 pounds cottonseed meal, .50 pound molasses, .18 pound steamed bonemeal, .06 pound salt, and .01 pound vitamin supplement (2250 international units of vitamin A and 400 international units of vitamin D per gram). All lots were fed once daily during the morning.
Open Access
The improvement of beef cattle through breeding methods
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2012-01-04) Smith, W.H.; Holland, L.A.; Ibsen, H.L.
The purebred Shorthorn cattle breeding project proceeded according to plan during the last year. The project has been planned to facilitate the collection of production data that will be used to devise and test breeding procedures useful to cattlemen to improve beef cattle through breeding methods. Pedigree barriers were established in the original College Shorthorn herd in 1950 and two inbred lines are being developed. College Premier 29th, 2368167, and Gregg Farm's Hoarfrost, 2492499, have been used as herd sires for this purpose and the inbred lines are designated as the Wernacre Premier and Mercury lines, respectively, for these two foundation sires. The inbreeding program in the Wernacre Premier line was initiated in 1949 by mating College Premier 29th to his half sisters. These matings were continued during 1950, 1951, 1952, and 1953. A son of College Premier 29th, KSC Premier C 11th, was mated to the females produced in the Wernacre Premier line to extend the inbreeding into the second generation. Calves from these matings were produced in 1952 and 1953.
Open Access
Ratio of roughage to concentrate for fattening heifers.
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2012-01-04) Richardson, D.; Smith, E.F.; Cox, R.F.; Keating, E.K.
Fifty Hereford heifers were divided into five lots as equally as possible on the basis of weight, size, conformation, and previous treatment. These heifers were wintered as calves on the following rations: (1) alfalfa hay, (2) Atlas sorghum silage. 2 pounds of corn and 1 pound of soybean oilmeal pellets, (3) Atlas sorghum silage and 3 pounds of special supplement, (4) prairie hay, 4.9 pounds of corn and 1.25 pounds of soybean oilmeal pellets, (5) corn cobs, 4.9 pounds of corn and 1.9 pounds of soybean oilmeal pellets. There were 10 animals on each of these rations. Each of the five lots in this experiment had two heifers from each of the five previous treatments. A mixture of one-half alfalfa and one-half bromegrass hay which had been chopped to facilitate mixing was used as the roughage. Coarsely ground corn and milo grain were used as the concentrates except in Lots 2. 4, and 5, where soybean oilmeal was added to maintain the same level of protein in all lots. Chemical analyses of feeds used in this experiment are shown in Table No. 36 in the back of this circular. Water. salt, and ground limestone were provided free choice at all times.
Open Access
Wintering, grazing and fattening heifers
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2012-01-04) Smith, E.F.; Baker, F.H.; Good, D.L.; Coz, R.F.; Mackintosh, D.L.
Thirty good quality Hereford heifer calves, 10 head to a lot, were used in the study They cost 20 cents a pound delivered to Manhattan, Kansas, September 15, 1952. They originated in the Sterling City, Texas, area. From delivery date until November 15, 1952, they were fed prairie hay and 1 pound of soybean oilmeal pellets per head daily. The system of management for each lot follows: Lot 1-wintered on dry bluestem pasture supplemented with 1 ½ to 2 pounds of concentrate feed per head daily, grazed on bluestem pasture May 1 to July 15, full fed in drylot 100 days. Lot 2-wintered on Atlas sorgo silage, prairie hay, 1 pound of soybean pellets, and 2 pounds of corn per head daily; grazed on bluestem pasture May 1 to July 15; full fed in drylot 100 days. Lot 3-wintered on brome pasture until January 1 then moved to drylot. In drylot they were fed sorghum silage, prairie hay, and 1 pound of soybean pellets per head daily. From April 9, 1953, to July 14. 1953, they were grazed on brome pasture' starting July 14 they were full fed grain 100 days in drylot.
Open Access
1. The value of trace minerals in a wintering and fattening ration. 2. Self-feeding grain in drylot vs. self-feeding on bluestem pasture.
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2012-01-04) Smith, E.F.; Cox, R.F.; Baker, F.H.
Thirty head of good quality Hereford steer calves, 10 head to a lot, were used in the study. They were the lightest calves of a shipment of 220 steer calves from the Brite Ranch at Marfa, Texas. They cost 29 cents a pound delivered to Manhattan, Kan., November 3, 1952. They were fed prairie hay and 1 pound of soybean pellets until they were started on test December 19, 1952. All weights are full weights taken about 7: 00 a.m. before feeding, except the initial and final weights of the full-feeding period, which were taken after an overnight stand in drylot. The trace minerals were fed as a trace mineral premix added to the soybean oilmeal to furnish the following amounts in milligrams per head daily in the wintering and fattening ration, respectively: manganese 25.0, 56.3; iodine .87, 1.97; cobalt .55, 1.25; iron 20.5, 46.13; copper 1.62, 3.65; and zinc 1.52, 3.42.
Open Access
The most efficient level of winter protein feeding for yearling steers wintered and summer razed on bluestem pasture.
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2012-01-04) Smith, E.F.; Baker, F.H.; Cox, R.F.; Holland, L.A.
Twenty head of good quality Hereford yearling steers were used in this study. They were purchased from the Brite Ranch at Marfa, Texas, in the fall of 1952 as calves for 28 cents a pound. They were used in summer grazing tests on bluestem pasture in 1953. '1'hi8 test started at the close of the summer grazing season on October 26, 1953, and extended to April 1, 1954. During this test the steers were moved from pasture to pasture every 15 days to minimize any differences due to pastures. . During March one-half of the steers• in each lot had access to molasses-sprayed grass in a pilot test to find out if this method of feeding- might have some .possibilities. The pastures in which the steers were grazed were of such size as to vary the stocking rate from 6 to 19 acres per head. All pastures used in this winter test had sufficient grass remaining for winter use. They were lightly stocked during the summer of 1952.
Open Access
Wintering, grazing, and fattening heifers; Wintering heifer calves to be fattened for the fall market.
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2012-01-04) Smith, E.F.; Baker, F.H.; Good, D.L.; Cox, R.F.; Mackintosh, D.L.
Twenty good quality Hereford heifer calves, 10 head to a lot, we're used in this study. They originated in the vicinity of Pueblo, Colo., and were delivered to Manhattan, Kan., for 18.5 cents a pound. About one week after arrival, they were branded and vaccinated. One week later, December 17, 1953, they were started on test. The system of management planned for each lot follows: Lot 7-wintered on dry bluestem pasture supplemented with 1 to 2 pounds of cottonseed cake per head daily; grazed on bluestem pasture May 1 to July 15; full fed in drylot 100 days. Lot 8-Wintered in drylot on Atlas sorgo silage. 1 pound of cottonseed meal, and 2 pounds of milo grain per head daily; grazed on bluestem pasture May 1 to July 15; full fed in drylot 100 days. A bonemeal and salt mixture was offered free choice to all lots. Lot 8 was fed 1 pound of cottonseed cake per head daily all winter, except during March and the first part of April, when the cake was increased to 2 pounds per head daily.
Open Access
Effects of feeding a protein supplement during the latter part of the grazing season to two-year-old steers on bluestem pasture.
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2012-01-04) Smith, E.F.; Baker, F.H.; Cox, R.F.
Twenty head of good quality two-year-old Hereford steers were used in this test. They were wintered on dry bluestem pasture and then grazed together until August 5, when this test started. The steers were divided into two uniform lots and grazed on bluestem pasture with the following treatment from August 5, 1953, to October 23, 1953: Lot I-No supplement. Lot 2-Two pounds of soybean pellets per head daily.
Open Access
Fattening heifers on milo grain and sorghum silage.
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2012-01-04) Baker, F.H.; Smith, E.F.; Cox, R.F.
Milo grain and sorghum silage are extensively used in fattening rations for beef cattle in Kansas. A fattening ration composed of milo grain and sorghum silage contains sufficient protein to meet the recommended protein allowances of fattening beef cattle. It seems possible that the protein supplement fed with such a ration could be materially reduced it not completely eliminated.
Open Access
The most efficient level of winter protein feeding for yearling steers wintered and summer grazed on bluestem pasture.
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2012-01-04) Smith, E.F.; Baker, F.H.; Cox, R.F.; Holland, L.A.
Yearling steers have been successfully wintered at this station on dry bluestem pasture for the past five winters by feeding 1 1/2 to 2 pounds of cottonseed or soybean oilmeal per head daily. The objective of this test is to determine if the level of winter protein feeding may be reduced without affecting the yearly performance of the steers. Twenty head of good quality Hereford yearling steers, 10 head to a lot, were used in this study. They originated in southeastern Colorado and were purchased as calves in the fall of 1951 for 42 cents a pound. They were used in summer grazing tests on bluestem pasture in 1952. From November 1 until December 31, 1952, when this test started, they were on bluestem pasture supplemented with 1 pound of soybean pellets. During the winter phase of this test, the steers were moved from pasture to pasture every 15 days to minimize any differences due to pastures. The winter pastures in which the steers were grazed were of such size as to vary the stocking rate from 6 to 19 acres per head. All pastures used in the winter had sufficient grass remaining on them for winter use, although they were stocked at a normal rate for the summer of 1952. In addition to dry winter bluestem pasture, the following amounts of protein were fed: Lot 1-1 pound of soybean pellets per head daily. Lot 2-2 pounds of soybean pellets per head daily. The steers were grazed together during the summer of 1953 after the different winter treatments.
Open Access
The effect of different hormone treatments upon the breeding and lambing performance of ewes.
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2012-01-04) Bell, T.D.; Smith, W.H.; Johnson, M.
Approximately 350 ewes, largely of western origin, were included in three outlying experimental flocks. Approximately one-third of each flock received a series of five injections of progesterone (30 mg. each) at three-day intervals and an injection of 500 IU of P.M.S. material, either "Gonaden" or "Gonadogen," three days following the last injection of progesterone. One group of ewes in the larger flock received only four injections of progesterone before receiving their P.M.S. injection.
Open Access
A comparison of alfalfa silage and alfalfa hay for wintering heifer calves.
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2012-01-04) Cathcart, R.B.; Smith, E.F.; Baker, F.H.; Richardson, D.; Cox, R.F.
Forty Texas Hereford heifer calves averaging 360 pounds each were divided into four lots of 10 head each. The feeding test was conducted from December 17, 1953, to April 8. 1954, or 113 days. The alfalfa silage and hay were made from first-cutting feed in the same field, when it was approaching one-half bloom. One lot of silage was preserved with cornmeal at the rate of 150 pounds per ton of green forage. The other silage was made without preservative. Both silages were field-chopped and hauled immediately to the silos. The first feeding plan was to add concentrates to the roughages at the same rate as the corn in the alfalfa-cornmeal silage. However since consumption and gains of all the calves were so unsatisfactory at the end of 29 days of feeding, the plan was altered so that all groups were fed concentrates at the rate of 4 pounds per head daily, allowance being made in Lot 3 for the corn contained in the silage.
Open Access
Effect of feeding yearling steers on bluestem pasture 2 pounds of corn or soybean pellets during the latter part of the grazing season.
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2012-01-04) Smith, E.F.; Baker, F.H.; Cox, R.F.; Holland, L.A.
Thirty-six head of good quality yearling Hereford steers were used in this test. They had been grazing together on bluestem pasture previous to the test. The steers were divided into three lots of 12 steers each, in a manner to equalize any difference due to previous winter treatments. They were grazed on bluestem pasture and received the following treatment from August 6, 1953, to October 23, 1953. Lot I-No supplement. Lot 2-Two pounds of soybean pellets per head daily. Lot 3-Two pounds of corn per head daily. The steers were rotated on the pastures every 15 days to equalize any differences that might be due to pastures.
Open Access
Methods of wintering steer calves that are to be grazed a full season and sold off grass.
(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2012-01-04) Smith, E.F.; Baker, F.H.; Cox, R.F.; Good, D.L.; Holland, L.A.
Four lots of 10 Hereford steer calves per lot were used in the study. The calves were part of 220 purchased from the Brite Ranch at Marfa, Texas. They cost 29 cents a pound delivered to Manhattan November 3, 1952. From the date received until they were placed on test December 18, 1952, they were fed prairie hay and 1 pound of soybean pellets per head daily. All lots were wintered on dry bluestem pasture except Lot 1 wintered in a drylot. The calves on pasture were rotated every 15 days to equalize any differences due to pasture. The pastures in which the steers grazed were stocked at a normal rate during the 1952 summer season; sufficient grass remained for winter grazing. The winter stocking rate ranged from 4 to 13 acres per steer, varying with the different sizes of pasture.