Carmack, C.F.Hunt, Melvin C.Kropf, Donald H.Schwenke, J.R.Kastner, Curtis L.2010-10-052010-10-052010-10-05http://hdl.handle.net/2097/6267Natural flavorings were evaluated for use in low-fat ground beef, which frequently lacks flavor intensity. Three lean sources, A-maturity (young), E-maturity (mature cow), and imported (cow) beef round muscles, were used to formulate 7% and 25% fat ground beef. A-maturity fat was added to adjust fat levels. Controls (no added flavors) were prepared for each lean source. No additives were used in 25% fat controls, but 7% fat controls contained water (10%), carrageenan (.5%), and encapsulated salt (.38%). Four "natural" flavorings; Dried Cream Extract (DCE, Cumberland Packing Co., Inc.); Natural Prime Beef Base WONF #224545 and #224546 (224545, 224546, Tastemaker); and Hydrolyzed Vegetable Protein (HVP, A.C. Legg, Inc.) were added to 7% fat ground beef at recommended levels. A- and E-maturity domestic 25% fat controls were scored higher (P<.05) for ground beef flavor intensity and lower (P<.05) for off-flavors than 25% fat patties from imported beef. The 7% fat patties from imported lean had greater (P<.05) beef flavor intensity and reduced off-flavors (P<.05) when flavorings 224545, 224546, and HVP were added. These flavorings also enhanced the beef flavor intensity of low-fat patties from A-maturity lean to a level similar to that of the 25% fat control. Beef flavor intensity after a 60-min holding period was not enhanced by the natural flavorings, except when 224546 was added to E-maturity domestic lean. Therefore, the "natural" flavorings were most beneficial with imported lean.BeefLow-fatGround beefFlavorJuicinessLean sourceBook chapter (publisher version)