Watkins, James E.Pfromm, Peter H.2009-12-042009-12-041999-09-01http://hdl.handle.net/2097/2221Fouling of electrodialysis membranes by anionic organic substances is a widely recognized problem. We report a method to characterize fouling of anion-exchange membranes by dissolved anionic organic macromolecules (sulfonated lignin). The change of the frequency-dependent electrical capacitance of commercial ion exchange membranes is used to track the fouling process in real time. The measurements are performed in an aqueous solution containing both the organic foulant, and a representative mixture of inorganic materials. This simulates an application of electrodialysis to purge inorganics from the closed water cycle of a paper machine.This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).ElectrodialysisFoulingWater treatmentPaper makingText