Host Microbiota Influences Interactions Between Hosts And Pathogens

Abstract

Bacterial microbiota have significant effects on host interactions with pathogens in both vertebrate and invertebrate organisms. Here we discuss the direct and indirect impacts of microbiota on defense against pathogens. We found that microbiota have direct effects on host defense against pathogens through interference and niche competition, and by influencing host immune system development and function. The host microbiota also impacts host-pathogen interactions beyond immunity, by influencing physical barriers and physiological responses. In addition, it can influence the establishment of tumorigenic microbes thereby increasing cancer risk. Thus, the relationship between the host and its microbiota has short- and long-term impacts on overall health. Research that aims to identify and characterize the mechanisms that underlie these direct and indirect effects on host health will inform future medical treatments.