Dairy Day, 1984
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Item Open Access Development of an early weaning program for dairy calves(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2012-10-12) Morrill, J.L.; Dayton, A.D.; Zmolek, A.J.; Vitcenda, M.A.After preliminary experiments, four trials were conducted to develop and test a new feeding program for calves. The program involves the use of a special feed (a prestarter) to encourage calves to eat dry feed and to provide high quality nutrients during the time of initial rumen development. Using this plan, calves were weaned at 2 weeks of age with good results.Item Open Access Effects of various feeding, breeding and management practices on milk production(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2012-10-04) Dunham, James R.The March 1984 DHI summary of Kansas Holstein herds shows some interesting correlations of various feeding, breeding, and management factors to production (Table 1). The Rolling Herd Average (RBA) is an excellent evaluation of the efficiency of dairy herds since RHA and income-over-feed-cost are closely related. Although income-over-feed-cost is not profit, it provides the income for paying the other costs of producing milk. The goal of every dairy producer should be to increase the RHA in order to improve profitability.Item Open Access Relationship between production and reproduction in 5,480 Holstein herds enrolled in the Midstates Processing Center.(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2012-10-04) Call, Edward P.; Stevenson, Jeffrey S.; jssReproductive parameters were evaluated in 5,480 Holstein herds involving 335,673 cows to determine the reported negative genetic effect of production on reproduction. While higher producing herds had a slight decline in days to first bred, this effect was offset by a similar increase in services per conception. The greatest effect was seen in the percent of cows open and the average days open. It was concluded that managers of higher producing herds are more aware of the need to get cows bred back after calving and implement the necessary practices to minimize the percent of cows not yet serviced and the average days open. The negative genetic relationship between production and reproduction may be overcome with sound management practices.Item Open Access Bioavailability of alfalfa calcium(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2012-10-04) Harbers, L.H.; Ward, G.M.; Dayton, A.D.The availability of oxalate and non-oxalate calcium in alfalfa was determined using a chick assay. Oxalate-bound calcium was found to contribute only 16% as much influence as nonoxalate calcium. The nonoxalate calcium in alfalfa was 18% more available than calcium carbonate (precipitated chalk).Item Open Access Evaluation of raw and processed full-fat soybeans for high-producing dairy cows(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2012-10-04) Ward, G.M.; Morrill, J.L.; Morrill, M.B.; Dayton, A.D.Rations containing either soybean meal, raw full-fat soybeans, or processed soybeans were compared using 36 high-producing dairy cows in early lactation. The processed soybeans were heated in a California Pellet Milt Jet-Sploder for sufficient time (about 1 min) to produce beans with exit temperature of 340°F. The raw soybeans and heated soybeans were rolled before being• mixed into the concentrate mixture. Alfalfa hay and concentrate were consumed ad libitum in a ratio of 35 % hay and 65 % concentrate. Milk production and percent protein in milk were significantly greater when cows were fed soybean meal or Jet-Sploded beans than when fed raw soybeans. Percent milkfat and total milk solids were not affected by treatment.Item Open Access Effect of niacin supplementation on milk production and ketosis of dairy cattle(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2012-10-04) Dufva, G.; Bartley, E.; Dayton, A.; Riddell, D.Two lactation trials were undertaken to evaluate the effect of a niacin supplement on milk production and 'the physiological symptoms of ketosis. Blood ketone and non-esterified fatty acid levels were lower and blood glucose concentrations higher in niacin-supplemented cows. These trends were exhibited regardless of whether supplementation began 2 wk prepartum or immediately after calving. A 6 g daily dose was found to be of equal or higher benefit than a 12 g supplement. Cows gi ven niacin consistently produced more milk than controls, though the difference was small.Item Open Access Factors affecting estrus and fertility of Holstein heifers after prostaglandin F2α(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2012-10-04) Stevenson, Jeffrey S.; Schmidt, M.K.; Call, Edward P.; jssStage of the estrous cycle, time of insemination, and season of the year were examined for their influence on estrus and fertility of 223 Holstein heifers after prostaglandin F2α(PGF). Heifers given PGF early in the estrous cycle (days 5 to 8 where estrus = day 0) had shorter intervals (by 11 hr) to heat than heifers given PGF later in the cycle (days 14 to 16). Heats also were more closely synchronized for heifers treated early in the cycle. Season of the year had no effects on the interval to estrus or on proportion of heifers observed in heat. Conception rates were highest when heifers were bred after estrous detection. Inseminations by appointment at 80 hr after PGF reduced conception for heifers treated early in their estrous cycles. Variability of intervals to estrus can reduce fertility, if heifers are only bred at 80 hr after PGF without regard to when estrus occurred.Item Open Access Effect of processing temperature on utilization of whole soybeans by young calves(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2012-10-04) Abdelgadir, I.E.O.; Morrill, J.L.; Stutts, J.A.; Morrill, B.; Johnson, D.E.; Behnke, Keith C.Two trials were conducted to determine the optimum conditions for processing whole soybeans for young calves. In the first trial, laboratory procedures and a nitrogen balance study were used. This information was used to design the second trial in which raw and processed soybeans were evaluated in an 8-wk growth trial using 96 Holstein day-old calves. Starters contained soybean meal (SBM), SBM with added fat, raw soybeans, or soybeans processed at 280, 340, or 375°F in a California Pellet Mill Jet-Sploder. Calves fed the starters containing soybeans processed at 340 consumed more feed, gained faster, had lower fecal scores (less scours), and less mortality.Item Open Access Effect of supplemental Vitamin E on the performance, metabolic profiles, and immune responses of dairy calves.(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2012-10-04) Reddy, P.G.; Morrill, J.L.; Minocha, H.C.; Morrill, M.B.; Galitzer, S.J.; Frey, R.A.; Dayton, A.D.Forty-six Holstein heifer calves were used from birth to 3 rno to study the effect of supplemental vitamin E at 1400 or 2800 mg dl-a.-tocopherol acetate given orally at weekly intervals or 1400 mg dl-a-tocopherol by intramuscular injection. Weekly starter consumption was 10 to 27 % more (P=.12) and weekly weight gains were 9 to 25% more (P=.13) in supplemented calves. Creatine phosphokinase activity was negatively correlated with serurn tocopherol concentrations, indicating a subclinical muscular dystrophy in unsupplemented calves. Lymphocyte stimulation indices were positively correlated with serum tocopherol concentration. Calves given high level of oral supplementation had higher IgM antibody concentration. It was concluded that supplemental vitamin E is beneficial for calves reared on conventional complete starters to increase disease resistance and to obtain optimum performance.Item Open Access Prostaglandin F2α for lactating dairy cows with silent estrus(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2012-10-04) Plunkett, S.S.; Stevenson, Jeffrey S.; Call, Edward P.; jssTwo experiments were conducted in 17 dairy herds in NE Kansas to determine the effectiveness of prostaglandin F2α (PGF) for reducing intervals to conception for cows with silent or unobserved estrus. Cows that failed to be seen in heat so they could be inseminated after calving (Exp. 1) and cows that did not return to estrus after AI and were not pregnant when presented to veterinarian for pregnancy examination (Exp. 2) were assigned alternately to be given PGF or to receive no treatment after detection of a palpable corpus luteum. Cows were inseminated at 72 and 96 hr after PGF treatment if not detected in heat. Intervals from treatment to conception were reduced after PGF treatment. Cows with unobserved estrus can be inseminated sooner and have shorter intervals to conception if PGF is used for reproductive management in association with a routine herd health program.Item Open Access Gonadotropin-releasing hormone and conception of Holstein cows(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2012-10-04) Stevenson, Jeffrey S.; Schmidt, M.K.; Call, Edward P.To study the effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and timing of artificial insemination (Al) on fertility, 328 dairy cows were divided into four groups. Inseminations at first, second, or third service were done soon after detected estrus (0 hr) or 12 h later. One-half of the cows in each of the preceding groups received GnRH (100µg) or saline within 30 sec after AI. Conception at first service was not improved by GnRH. But conception rates at repeat services were improved by 21% when cows received GnRH after AI. Time of AI (0 vs 12 hr) had no effect on conception. Administering GnRH at repeat services should improve conception rate of lactating dairy cows.Item Open Access Immunoglobulin concentrations in serum and nasal secretions of calves at the onset of pneumonia(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2012-10-04) Corbeil, L.B.; Watt, B.; Corbeil, R.R.; Betzen, T.G.; Brownson, R.K.; Morrill, J.L.Immunoglobulin (Ig) concentrations in serurn and in nasal secretions were correlated with pneumonia and diarrhea during the first 12 wk of life of dairy calves. The peak onset of pneumonia occurred between 2 and 4 wk of age when the calves' serum Ig G1, Ig G2 and IgA concentrations were lowest. As IgG2 concentrations increased, fewer calves developed pneumonia. Peak onset of pneumonia was also correlated with the lowest IgG and IgA concentrations in the calves' nasal secretions. Diarrhea often preceded pneumonia.Item Open Access Evaluation of an early weaning program for dairy calves(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2012-10-04) Morrill, J.L.; Schmidt, M.K.; Cullen, A.J.; Morrill, M.B.One experiment was conducted to compare an early weaning program, using a prestarter , when calves were weaned at 2 or 3 wk of age with programs using conventional feeds and weaning at 3 or 6 wk of age. Daily gains to 8 wk of age were 1.19 and 1.03 pound for calves fed a commercial starter and weaned at 6 and 3 weeks of age, respectively; and were 1.1 and .97 for calves on the early weaning program and weaned at 3 and 2 wk of age, respectively. Another experiment was conducted to test one variation of the early weaning program. Calves fed according to the early weaning program and receiving a high quality, fibrous starter gained an average of 1.3 lb per day to 6 wk of age. Calves fed prestarter but no starter until weaning did not perform as well.
