Dairy Day, 1990
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Item Open Access Sorghum grain for lactating dairy cows(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-06-14) Gladamez, C.A.; Shirley, John E.; Gallegos, A.J.Holstein cows in early lactation were utilized to evaluate the effects of supplementing concentrate diets of sorghum grain on milk production, milk composition, somatic cell count, and body condition. At 21 d postpartum, cows were randomly assigned to receive four concentrate diets consisting of 1) corn, 2) sorghum, 3) sorghum plus 1 lb tallow, and 4) sorghum plus wheat in a 70:30 ratio. All concentrates were combined with chopped alfalfa hay in a total mixed diet and fed twice daily. Treatments included a 7-day preliminary period and a 16-week experimental period. Cows fed the sorghum plus tallow diet produced 14% more milk than cows fed either corn or sorghum alone and 10% more than cows fed the 70:30 sorghum plus wheat diet. Milk fat was unaffected by diet, although cows receiving the sorghum plus wheat diet tended to produce milk with less fat (3.3% vs 3.5% for the other diets). Body weight and body condition tended to be higher for cows fed the sorghum plus wheat combination. The addition of tallow or wheat to grain sorghumbased diets appears to improve its value for high-producing cows.Item Open Access Effect of parturition and recombination bovine somatotropin (rBST) on the metabolic profile of dairy cows(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-06-14) Estrada, J.M.; Shirley, John E.; jshirleySummary Blood samples were collected from 16 Holstein cows around parturition to obtain baseline values of various hormones and metabolites. At 90 ± 3 days postcalving, cows were divided into two groups (8 cows/group) and injected with either saline (control) or 25 mg rBST/d for 28 consecutive days. Blood was sampled on days 0, 1, 5, 10, 15, 30, and 45 after the beginning of treatment and analyzed for insulin, glucagon, growth hormone, glucose, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). Milk production and composition were recorded as well as body weights and condition scores. Cows receiving rBST had higher milk yields than control cows during the treatment period. Milk lactose percentage also increased for cows on rBST, but other milk components remained unchanged. Plasma insulin decreased, and glucagon, growth hormone, glucose, and BUN increased from 10 days prepartum to 10 days postpartum. During the treatment period, insulin and glucagon decreased slightly for the rBST group, growth hormone increased for both rBST and control groups, and glucose and BUN were similar between rBST and control groups. Body weights and body condition scores decreased after parturition but remained unchanged during the injection period.Item Open Access Performance and ruminal microbial and metabolic development of young calves fed diets containing aspergillus oryzae extract(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-05-25) Beharka, A.A.; Morrill, J.L.; Nagaraja, Tiruvoor G.Seventy-three, neonatal, Holstein, heifer calves in one experiment and 45 neonatal, Holstein, bull calves in another were used to study the effects of dietary Aspergillus oryzae extract (Amaferm) on calf performance. Forty of the heifer calves were selected to study the effects on ruminal microbial and metabolic development. In general, Amaferm-supplemented calves had greater ruminal microbial activity than the calves fed no Amaferm. For the most part, growth and feed intake were not affected.Item Open Access Comparison of growth and production of holstein heifers raised on 100% or 115% of the NRC requirements(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-05-25) Bortone, E.J.; Daccarett, M. G.; Morrill, J.L.; Feyerherm, A.M.; Shirley, John E.One hundred and ten Holstein heifers from the KSU Dairy Research Unit were used in this experiment. They were fed either 100% (control) or 115% (enhanced) of NRC requirements for energy, protein, major minerals, and vitamins from 6 mo of age to shortly before calving. Heifers in the enhanced group calved at an earlier age, had larger heart girths, and were heavier than controls. At this time, 46 of the heifers have completed at least 50 days in lactation. Based on their projected 305-2X-ME records, the heifers in the enhanced group have produced slightly, but not significantly, more milk and milk fat.Item Open Access Managing the high-production herd. V. challenges of the 90's(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-05-20) Shirley, John E.; jshirleyThe decade of the 1980s was a transition period for the Dairy Industry in the United States. The decade began with a large milk surplus and low prices and ended with milk shortages and record high prices. The dairy industry experienced drastic governmental action through the milk set-aside and whole herd buy-out programs instituted to reduce the milk surplus and the establishment of the National Dairy Board accompanied by a check-off program to fund advertising and research. The decade ended with a butter surplus and moves by marketing agencies to lower or drop premiums for fat and install premiums for milk protein or solids-not-fat.Item Open Access Effect of physical form of diet on ruminal microbial and metabolic development in young calves(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-05-20) Beharka, A.A.; Nagaraja, Tiruvoor G.; Morrill, J.L.Eight, ruminally cannulated, newborn, Holstein, bull calves were assigned to receive either finely ground or unground (chopped hay and normally ground grain) diet to study the effects of diet form on ruminal microbial and metabolic development. The difference in diet particle size caused a difference in ruminal pH and a shift in the bacterial population, as evidenced by decreased cellulolytic and increased amylolytic bacterial counts for the ground diet.Item Open Access Effect of rumen degradability of protein and fat on the growth and development of dairy calves(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-05-20) Isbell, D.E.; Morrill, J.L.Sixty heifer and 34 bull calves were fed starter diets containing either control or extruded soybean meal (SBM) and either 2.5% or no bypass fat from birth to 8 wk of age. There were no interactions between the type of SBM and the amount of fat. There were no significant differences between the calves fed control or extruded SBM with or without fat supplementation, although the trends favored the calves fed extruded SBM with no bypass fat.Item Open Access Dairy calf and heifer research at KSU(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-05-20) Morrill, J.L.At Kansas State University, we are conducting research concerning nutrition and feeding management of calves, heifers, and dairy steers with emphasis in the following areas: 1) development of feeds and management practices to stimulate rumen development and allow earlier weaning, concomitant with satisfactory growth; 2) vitamin supplementation to improve performance of growing dairy animals, with emphasis on increasing efficiency of the immune system; 3) determination of nutrients needed by growing heifers to achieve desired rates of growth required to reach adequate size at freshening at 22 to 24 mo of age, without getting too fat; 4) study of feeding programs designed to produce lean, tender, flavorful meat from surplus dairy bulls, with emphasis on methods to monitor body composition in the live animal; and 5) investigation of protein sources for milk replacers.
