Dairy Day, 1998
Permanent URI for this collection
Browse
Recent Submissions
Item Open Access Freestall barn design and management for cow comfort(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service., 2011-05-04) Bickert, W.G.; Smith, John F., 1962-; jfsmithProper design, construction, and care of freestalls are essential to cows using the stalls and realizing their potential benefits for comfort and health. Freestall dimensions depend upon particular designs and are compromises between ensuring optimum cleanliness and providing a spacious area for the ultimate in cow comfort. Freestalls designed to meet these fundamental needs will be most used. Most likely, no perfect freestall design exists. Rather, several freestall designs may satisfy the basic requirements of the cow perfectly well!Item Open Access Performance of lactating dairy cattle in three different cooling systems(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service., 2011-05-04) Meyer, M. J.; Smith, John F., 1962-; Harner, Joseph P.; Titgemeyer, Evan C.; Shirley, John E.; jfsmith; jharner; jshirley; etitgemeNinety-six Holstein multiple-lactation cows averaging 115 days in milk (DIM) and 60 Holstein first-lactation cows averaging 97 DIM at the initiation of a 10-wk study between June 10 and August 22, 1998 were used to evaluate the effectiveness of three different cooling systems. Thirty-two multiparous cows and 20 first-lactation cows were assigned to each of three pens that contained different cooling systems. The three cooling systems consisted of : 1) a single row of 36-inch fans, spaced at 24-ft intervals over the freestalls and over the feed row, 2) 56-inch ceiling fans spaced at 12-ft intervals over the freestalls, and 3) polytube longitudinal cooling over the freestalls. Each of the three cooling systems utilized similar sprinkler systems located over the feed line. Dry matter intake, respiration rates, milk production, and body condition scores were measured. Cows cooled with overhead 36-inch fans produced more milk and had lower respiration rates than those cooled with other methods. The cows cooled with ceiling fans tended to produce more milk than those cooled via the polytube. Dry matter intake also tended to be greater for cows cooled by overhead 36-inch fans.Item Open Access Growth and feed efficiency of growing dairy replacement heifers supplemented with rimensin or bovatec(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service., 2011-05-04) Scheffel, Michael V.; Park, A.; Smith, John F., 1962-; Titgemeyer, Evan C.; Shirley, John E.; jshirley; scheffel; jfsmith; etitgemeNinety Holstein heifers were used to examine the effects of Rumensin® or Bovatec®. Average daily gain and feed efficiency was greater for heifers fed Rumensin® than for heifers fed Bovatec®. Heifers fed Rumensin® consumed more total dry matter per day but slightly less dry matter as a percent of body weight than heifers fed Bovatec®. No differences were observed in body condition score and hip height between dietary treatments. The primary goal of a heifer-feeding program is to obtain a desired rate of gain without fattening at the least possible cost. Results of this study support the use of Rumensin® in diets for growing dairy replacement heifers.Item Open Access Sampling techniques for and interpretation of milk urea nitrogen concentration(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service., 2011-05-04) Park, A.F.; Smith, John F., 1962-; Rozell, Timothy G.; Stevenson, Jeffrey S.; Shirley, John E.; Scheffel, Michael V.; jshirley; scheffel; jfsmith; trozell; jssRepresentative MUN values can be obtained by testing a milk sample before milking, at AM or PM milking, or with an in-line siphon sampling device. MUN values obtained from homogenous milking strings are as accurate as an average MUN value obtained by sampling each cow in the string. Bulk tank sampling is not advisable because of the variation in MUN caused by stage of lactation. Small herds that feed a single TMR should use the average MUN from cows between 60 and 200 days in milk. Monthly sampling is recommended to build a database. The effect of diet changes on MUN can be assessed within 7 days.Item Open Access Cooling rate and storage temerature affect bacterial counts in raw milk(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service., 2011-05-04) Cox, I.M; Adapa, S.; Schmidt, Karen A.; kschmidtRaw milk was obtained from the K-State Dairy Teaching and Research Center and evaluated for quality after being stored under various conditions. Results showed that as storage temperature increased from 35 to 45EF for 0 to 72 hr, total bacterial counts increased, whereas the titratable acidity and pH values remained fairly constant. Changing the cooling rate affected microbial numbers. Cooling to 40EF within 30 versus 120 min reduced microbial counts by 50%. Finally, the preincubation test was shown to be an effective method to document possible psychrotrophic contamination before the milk arrives at the processing facility.Item Open Access Assessment of mastitic infection in bovine milk using ATP bioluminescence(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service., 2011-05-04) Meyer, M. J.; Sukup, D.; Schmidt, Karen A.; Shirley, John E.; kschmidt; jshirleyFew choices exist for a mobile, rapid, and nonsubjective assessment of mastitic infection in bovine milk. This project evaluated the effectiveness of using the Biotrace® raw milk quality ATP bioluminescence assay to serve this role. Milk samples with various somatic cell counts (13,000 - 2,500,000) and signs of mastitic infection were obtained from the Kansas State University Dairy Teaching and Research Center. Within 24 hr, raw milk samples were evaluated for microbial numbers and relative light units (RLU). The printed test procedure was modified to evaluate accurately clinical mastitic milk samples. As somatic cell count increased in raw milk, the RLU value increased. In addition, RLU values differentiated among milk samples with various levels of mastitic infection (none, subclinical, and clinical). Repeatability of the ATP bio-luminescence method was very good (CV = 4.76%). These results suggest that the Biotrace® raw milk quality test kit can served effectively as a nonsubjective, rapid assay to determine the degree of mastitic infection in bovine milk.Item Open Access Processed grain sorghum and grain sorghum combinations for dairy cows(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service., 2011-05-04) Titgemeyer, Evan C.; Drouillard, James S.; Park, A.F.; Shirley, John E.; Scheffel, Michael V.; jshirley; etitgeme; jdrouill; scheffelTwenty-four Holstein cows were used to evaluate the effects of processing methods on grain sorghum utilization by lactating dairy cows. No difference was observed in the utilization of steam-flaked grain sorghum and pelleted grain sorghum obtained by adding water to finely ground grain sorghum prior to extrusion and oven drying at a temperature of 200EF. Extensive processing (pelleting or steam-flaking) improved feed efficiency relative to dry rolling. Cows fed diets containing more extensively processed grains ate less feed but produced the same amount of milk as cows fed diets containing dry-rolled grain.Item Open Access Extruded-expelled cottonseed meal (express) as a source of protein and fat for lactating dairy cows(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service., 2011-05-04) Park, A.F.; Sheffel, M.V.; Titgemeyer, Evan C.; Shirley, John E.; jshirley; etitgemeTwenty-four Holstein cows were used in six 4×4 Latin squares to evaluate the effects of substituting extruded-expelled cottonseed meal (Express™) for whole cottonseed and solvent soybean meal in diets for lactating cows. No differences were observed in milk and milk component yield among treatments. Percentages of fat, protein, solids-not-fat, and lactose in milk were similar among treatments. Replacing whole cottonseed with Express™ tended to reduce milk urea nitrogen but had no effect on milk protein percentage or yield. Cow acceptability of Express™ was excellent throughout the 84-day study conducted between late June and September when ambient temperature exceeded 100EF for 35 days. Long-term storage of Express™ in a commodity barn was not a problem. In vitro analysis of Express™ revealed that it contains approximately 75% rumen undegradable protein (RUP) with an intestinally absorbable dietary protein value of 53.4%. Express™ is an excellent source of RUP, and the protein fraction is highly digestible in the small intestine.Item Open Access Why, how-to, and cost of programed AI breeding of dairy cows(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service., 2011-05-04) Stevenson, Jeffrey S.; jssManagement of the estrous cycle is now more practical than it was a decade ago because of our understanding of follicular waves. With availability of three gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) products and two prostaglandin products, the cycle can be controlled for fixed-time inseminations with little loss in conception rate compared to inseminations after detected estrus. Various systems are effective for programming first inseminations with or without some heat detection. With the incorporation of transrectal ultrasonography for early pregnancy diagnosis 28 to 30 days after insemination, routine heat detection programs could be eliminated by reprogramming each cow after an open diagnosis. The most limiting factor in the control of the cycle is the proportion of missed heats in estrus-synchronization programs that rely partly or solely on heat detection. Pregnancy rate (the proportion of cows that become pregnant of all cows programmed for insemination) is the best measure of an estrussynchronization program, because it measures total number of pregnancies achieved per unit of time rather than simple conception success at any given insemination.Item Open Access Tower tank valve flushing system for dairy facitlites(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service., 2011-05-04) Harner, Joseph P.; Murphy, James P.; Smith, John F., 1962-; jharner; jmurphy; jfsmithFlushing characteristics of a tower tank valve flushing system with a 12-inch-diameter manual valve were determined. Data were obtained using the outside cow alleys in a fourrow freestall barn. The alleys were 12 ft wide and 420 ft long with a 2% slope. The average flow rate exceeded 8,000 gallons per minute (gpm) when the average head was above 30 ft and the manual valve opened 80 degrees. Opening the valve to 90 degrees increased the flow rate to over 9,700 gpm. The velocity of the flushing wave was 8.5 fpm with a flow depth of 3.5 in. The estimated wave duration or alley contact time was 14.6 sec with a 25-40 sec release time from the flush tank. The flow rate ranged from 5,300 gpm to 7,200 gpm when the average head was between 16 and 28 ft.
