Cattlemen's Day, 1976

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Open Access
Energy levels and roughage sources for bulls on 140-day test
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-03-04) McKee, M.; Conway, K.L.; Fink, G.; Schalles, R.R.; Bolsen, K.K.; Zoellner, K.O.
Eight Hereford, 16 Angus, and 36 part Simmental bulls were tested for 140 days (October 15, 1974 to March 4, 1975) for weight gained. Bulls were divided into four groups and fed four rations that had been formulated for two energy levels (high or medium) and two sources of roughage (corn silage or oats and prairie hay). Average daily gains (lbs.) on the four rations were: high energy silage, 3.36; high energy oats and prairie hay, 3.31; low energy silage, 2.77; and low energy oats and prairie hay, 3.25.
Open Access
Excreta silage for maintaining pregnant cows and heifers
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-03-04) McKee, M.; Conway, K.L.; Fink, G.; Kimple, K.; Hoover, J.D.; Riley, Jack G.
Preliminary trials the summer of 1975 tested the value of excreta silage for maintain pregnant cows and heifers. Ingredients in the excreta silage were wheat straw, cattle excreta, corn, and molasses. Eighty mature cows were divided into three lots and received either excreta silage, alfalfa haylage, or ½ excreta silage and ½ alfalfa haylage as sources of roughage for 59 days (July 25 to September 22). Cows receiving excreta silage tended to gain more than cows on haylage or ½ haylage and ½ excreta silage. Twenty-nine, sixteen-month old, pregnant, part Simmental heifers were divided into two lots. One group received excreta silage the other, haylage, as roughage for 52 days (July 25 to September 15). Their gains did not differ significantly.
Open Access
Milo stover and forage sorghum silages for growing heifers
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-03-04) Bolsen, K.; Corah, L.; Grimes, C.; Riley, Jack G.
Ninety-six heifer calves were used to compare four silage combinations: (1) 100% milo stover, (2) 67% milo stover and 33% forage sorghum, (3) 33% milo stover and 67% forage sorghum and (4) 100% forage sorghum. Each ration was fed to four pens of six heifers each during the 88-day trial. Heifers fed 100% forage sorghum made the fastest and most efficient gains(P<.05); those fed 100% milo stover, the slowest and least efficient gains (P<.05). Based on gains obtained from these two rations, the 67% milo stover silage ration produced 16% faster gain than predicted; the 33% milo stover ration, a 5% faster gain than predicted.
Open Access
Harvesting sorghum stover
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-03-04) Fairbanks, G.E.; Hoover, J.D.
Two types of big round balers and a small stackmaker were used to harvest grain sorghum stubble after the grain was harvested during the fall and winter months of 1975. The stubble was about 21 inches high and about 4 inches of stubble was left after windrowing.
Open Access
Sources of roughage and milo for finishing steers
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-03-04) Bolsen, K.; Riley, Jack G.
One hundred five yearling steers were used to evaluate seven milo treatments: (1) dry, (2) micronized, (3) steam flaked +.2% propionic acid (acid-flake), (4) field harvested high moisture (F-HM) ensiled whole in an 02 -limiting silo, (5) F-HM rolled and ensiled in a concrete stave silo, (6) reconstituted, high moisture (R-HM) ensiled whole in an 02 -limiting silo and (7) R-HM rolled and ensiled in a concrete stave silo; and three roughages: (1) corn silage, (2) equal parts sorghum silage and milo stover silage and (3) milo stover pellets. The complete mixed rations fed during the 92-day trial were 80% milo, 15% roughage and 5% supplement. Steers fed micronized or acid-flake milo gained 16 and 20% more efficiently, respectively, than steers fed dry-rolled milo. Efficiencies of gain were similar for steers fed dry-rolled milo and those fed any one of the four high moisture milo treatments. Rates of gain and carcass characteristics were not significantly affected by milo treatment. Corn silage supported faster (P<.05) and more efficient (P<.05) gains than sorghum-mile stover silages or milo stover pellets.
Open Access
Factors influencing net income from a steer through feedlot
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-03-04) Blum, J.K.; Schalles, R.R.; Zoellner, K.O.
Steers entering feedlots with higher starting weight per day of age had greater net value a t slaughter than lighter steers. Faster gaining steers brought the highest net income. Age on feed did not influence net income. High dressing percentage increased the net income but generally the relationship was low between carcass traits and net income.
Open Access
Whey-reconstituted milo for finishing beef heifers
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-03-04) Bolsen, K.; Grimes, C.; Mickelson, R.
Three milo treatments were evaluated in finishing rations for heifers: dry-rolled, reconstituted with water, and reconstituted with whey. Reconstituting milo with water or whey did not increase weight gain or efficiency of heifers over that of heifers fed dry-rolled milo. The slowest and least efficient gains were produced by the water-reconstituted milo. Performances were similar for the dry-rolled and whey-reconstituted milo treatments.
Open Access
Micronized milo and urea in high-hay growing rations for beef heifers
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-03-04) Bolsen, K.; Riley, Jack G.
Twenty-four individually fed heifers were used to evaluate four combinations of micronized or dry-rolled milo and soybean meal or urea supplements in prairie hay growing rations. Feeding 5 lbs. of micronized milo produced 23% faster and 18% more efficient gains than feeding 5 lbs. of dry-rolled milo. Heifers fed micronized milo + urea tended to gain faster and more efficiently than heifers fed dry-rolled milo + soybean meal.
Open Access
Methods of improving quality of grass-fed beef
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-03-04) Hunt, Melvin C.; Kropf, Donald H.; Chen, V.; Harrison, A.; Corte, O.; Kuntapanit, C.; Smith, M.E.; Thomas, J.; Kastner, Curtis L.; ckastner
Ten steers of known background, approximately 18 months old, and wintered on alfalfa and protein were finished on a brome and bluestem grazing program. Carcass characteristics were measured. The influence of conditioning carcass halves at 55 F until eight hours post-mortem was compared with conventional chilling at 36 F. Finally, the effects of vacuum storage and display on beef quality were evaluated.
Open Access
Wheat, barley and corn silage rations and urea for growing steers
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-03-04) Bolsen, K.; Riley, Jack G.
Eight rations were fed to 15 yearling steers (3 pens of 5 steers each). Arthur wheat, Paoli barley and corn silages were supplemented with either soybean meal or urea; Blue Boy II and Eagle wheat silages were supplemented with soybean meal. All steers were full-fed a 12.5% crude protein ration containing 86% silage and 14% supplement. Results of the 84-day trial show steers fed the four corn and barley silage rations gained faster and more efficiently than those fed wheat silages. Steers fed Arthur and Eagle silage rations performed similarly. Those fed Blue Boy II silage made the slowest and least efficient gain. Steers receiving urea performed similarly to those receiving soybean meal.
Open Access
Forage and grain yields of wheat and barley
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-03-04) Bolsen, K.; Berger, Larry Lyle; Moore, W.
Our objectives were to determine the effects of variety and stage of plant growth at harvest on forage and grain yields of wheat and barley. Plots were grown at the Animal Science and Industry Farm near Manhattan in 1973-74 and 1974-75 and at the South Central Kansas Experiment Field at Hutchinson in 1974-75. Hard red winter wheat varieties used were Parker, Eagle and Sage; soft red winter wheats were Arthur-71 and Blue Boy II. Three winter barley varieties were Paoli, Jefferson and Kanby. All cereals were harvested for forage in boot, milk and dough stages of plant growth and each treatment was replicated four times. A 60-sq.-ft. area was mower-clipped from each plot at each stage of growth to measure forage yields. Approximately 1 to 2 inches of stubble remained. A 12-sq.-ft. area was taken to determine grain yield.
Open Access
Reliability of U.S.D.A. beef carcass yield grades in reflecting differences in retail yields
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-03-04) Lipsey, R.J.; Allen, Dell M.; Dikeman, Michael E.; mdikeman
Retail cut-out and U.S.D.A. yield grade data were obtained on 1,121 carcasses of steers from Hereford and Angus dams mated artificially to Hereford, Angus, Jersey, Limousin, South Devon, Simmental and Charolais bulls. Calves were weaned when approximately 215 days old, conditioned 28 days, fed an average of 218 days after weaning before being slaughtered in a commercial slaughter plant. Carcass cooler data were obtained and the right side of each carcass was cut into closely trimmed, essentially boneless retail cuts at the KSU food service building. Beef yield grades do reflect definite differences in retail yields. Statistical tests indicated less than one chance in 1,000 that such differences occurred by chance and that the yield grade differences were real. The average difference in retail product percentage between yield grades was 4.6 percent. The average difference in fat trim percentage was 5.6 percent. For 700-pound carcasses, that's a difference of 39.2 pounds of waste fat, or 32.2 pounds of retail product. The difference in bone percentage would account for the other 7 pounds.
Open Access
Feedlot performance by month in Kansas
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-03-04) Ames, D.R.
Feedlot data on 202 lots involving approximately 40,000 steers collected for five years were used to characterize feedlot performance each month of the year. Intake, average daily gain (ADG), and feed efficiency were measured. ADG was predicted for mean daily temperature (MDT).
Open Access
Adjusting protein in cattle rations during cold weather
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-03-04) Ames, D.R.
Two winter trials have indicated that protein can be removed from growing rations during cold weather without lowering average daily gain. Cattle consumed 0.29 and 0.33 lb/hd/da (0.11 and 0.15 kg/hd/da) less protein supplement (soybean oil meal) during winters 1975 and 1976, respectively.
Open Access
Evaluation of the new (USDA, 1974) carcass beef quality grade standards
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-03-04) Campion, D.R.; Crouse, J.D.; Dikeman, Michael E.; mdikeman
Carcasses from 1,117 steers from Hereford and Angus dams mated artificially to Hereford, Angus, Charolais, Jersey, South Devon, Simmental and Limousin sires were studied. The study was to evaluate the UDSA 1965 quality grade (’65-QG) standards in relation to palatability of rib steaks, and also to see how the new grades change the distribution of carcasses in each grade. Rib steaks from 494 of these carcasses were cooked and evaluated by a taste panel; a rib steak from each of the 1,117 carcasses was cooked and measured for tenderness by a Warner-Bratzler shear-device. All data were adjusted to a constant carcass weight of 626 lb.
Open Access
Response of yearling steers on bluestem pasture to Ralgro, Synovex S and Stilbestrol implants
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-03-04) Smith, E.F.; Riley, Jack G.; Boggs, Don; dboggs
One hundred seventy-five Hereford, Hereford-Angus cross and Angus steers, averaging 553 lbs., were distributed as equally as possible by breed among four pastures. The pasture season was May 2 to October 5, 1975 (152 days). A third of the steers in each pasture were implanted with one of the three following materials: Ralgro, Synovex S, Stilbestrol (30 mg.). There was no significant difference in gains by the groups. Previous research has shown that Stilbestrol implants increase weight gains of steers on bluestem pasture 10 to 15 percent.
Open Access
Effects of growth promoting implants gains of nursing calves
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-03-04) Corah, L.; Kimple, K.; McKee, M.; Riley, Jack G.
Both steer and heifer calves gain significantly (P<.05) faster on summer pasture with growth-promoting implants than calves not implanted. Ralgro, Synovex-S, and Synovex-H were tested, with no significant advantage for one Implant type.
Open Access
Energy levels for growing and finishing steers
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-03-04) Bolsen, K.; Dikeman, Michael E.; Riley, Jack G.; mdikeman
Four combinations of low (LE), moderate (ME) and high (HE) energy rations were fed to growing and finishing steers. The four treatments were: LE-ME; LE-HE; ME-ME and ME-HE. All steers were more efficient during the growing phase (473 to 750 lbs.) than the finishing phase (750 to 1050 lbs.). During the growing phase, performance of steers fed the ME ration exceeded that of steers fed the LE ration. During the finishing phase, performance of steers fed the HE ration exceeded that of steers fed the ME ration. Steers on the LE-HE treatment required more energy per lb. of gain than steers on any of the other three treatments. Carcass merit was similar for carcasses from the different treatments. The fact that these cattle were slaughtered at similar weights, and that steers on lower energy rations were fed longer, affected carcass traits more than ration energy did.
Open Access
Response of yearling steers to burning and fertilizing pasture and intensive early season stocking (bluestem pastures)
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-03-04) Harbers, L.H.; Schalles, R.R.; Smith, E.F.; Owensby, Clenton E.; Boggs, Don; dboggs; owensby
Nine pastures totaling 492 acres were summer grazed by yearling Hereford, Hereford-Angus cross, and Angus steers distributed equally by breed. Five pastures were burned April 22, 1975; four were not burned. Burned and nonburned pastures had 0, 40, or 80 lbs. of nitrogen per acre applied aerially April 29, 1975. Stocking rates were determined with herbage production data from experimental plots under similar treatments. Under equal fertilization and stocking ratios, burned and fertilized pastures produced as much or more average daily gain and more gain per acre than nonburned pastures. Fertilizing and heavier stocking tended to reduce average daily gains but increased gains per acre. Steers on the early season, intensely-stocked pasture gained the most per day (1.78 lbs.) and produced the highest gain per acre (70 lbs.).
Open Access
Cow and calf performances as affected by fertilizing and burning bluestem pastures
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-03-04) Schalles, R.R.; Harbers, L.H.; Smith, E.F.; Owensby, Clenton E.; Boggs, Don; dboggs; owensby
Burning and fertilizing Bluestem pastures were evaluated by comparing performances of spring-calving cows and calves that grazed them. Two control-pastures were not burned or fertilized; two pastures were burned; and two were burned and fertilized with 40 pounds of nitrogen an acre, applied aerially. Neither average daily gains or the calves nor reproductive performance of the cows differed significantly among treatments, but more pounds of calf were weaned per acre from pastures burned and fertilized.