Swine Day, 1974
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Item Open Access Waxy endosperm corn in growing and finishing rations for swine(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-05-07T16:02:02Z) Koch, B.A.; Allee, G.L.; Hines, Robert H.Pigs fed rations containing waxy endosperm corn and those fed normal corn responded similarly in digestion and growing trials. Likewise, finishing pigs responded similarly when fed the two corns in digestion and growing trials.Item Open Access Lysine supplemented rations for boars, barrows and gilts(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-05-07T16:01:48Z) Ferrell, K.C.; Allee, G.L.; Koch, B.A.; Hines, Robert H.Feeding trials involving each sex (boars, barrows and gilts) of finishing-weight pigs were conducted to determine the value of adding lysine to the rations. Rations containing 0.55% lysine were adequate for performance (rate of gain and feed/gain ratio) and carcass parameters (loin eye area, backfat thickness, length, and percentage of lean cuts) in all sexes.Item Open Access Phosphorus levels for growing and finishing swine(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-05-07T16:01:19Z) Allee, G.L.; Koch, B.A.; Hines, Robert H.To determine the minimal level of supplemental phosphorus required by growing pig, ninety pigs averaging 34 pounds were randomly assigned from outcome groups to 18 pens representing three replications of six dietary treatments. Graded levels of supplemental phosphorus (0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20% of the diet) from dicalcium phosphate were added to a 16% protein milo-soybean meal basal diet containing 0.36% phosphorus. Additionally, meat and bone meal was also evaluated as a phosphorus source. For the first four weeks of the trial (Phase I), daily gains were maximized at 0.15% supplemental phosphorus, or a total phosphorus level of 0.51% of the diet. Similarly, during Phase II of the trial (pigs weighing 70 to 220 lbs.) daily gains were maximized at 0.15% supplemental phosphorus. Results suggest that growing and finishing pigs should be supplied at least 0.15% supplemental phosphorus from an available source, such as dicalcium phosphate and demonstrated that 5% meat and bone meal in the diet of the growing pig will supply the needed supplemental phosphorus.Item Open Access Environmental control and waste disposal(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-05-07T15:56:47Z) Koch, B.A.; Allee, G.L.; Hines, Robert H.A system for aerobic oxidation of waste has been used continuously since 1968 and is now functioning successfully. Figure 11.1 shows general design of the units. Originally "paddle wheels" were used to circulate liquid waste, keep solids in suspension, and mix oxygen into the liquid. Their performance, however, was less than desirable. Excessive foaming of liquid in the pits kept recurring, and maintenance of "paddle wheels" was expensive and time consuming.Item Open Access Sulfur amino acid requirement of the growing pig(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-05-07T15:56:37Z) Trotter, M.; Allee, G.L.A growth trial and a nitrogen retention trial were conducted to determine the sulfur amino acid requirement of the growing pig. Adding 0.10% DL-methionine to a 14.1% protein basal diet containing 0.21% sulfur amino acids significantly (P<.05) increased daily gain and nitrogen retention. Further additions gave no beneficial effect, indicating that the sulfur amino acid requirement had been met by the initial addition of DL-methionine. Thus, the sulfur amino acid requirement of the growing pig fed a 14.1% protein diet does not exceed 0.31% of the diet.Item Open Access Nutritive value of sunflower seed for swine(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-05-07T15:56:26Z) Laudert, S.; Allee, G.L.Sunflower seed (SFS) was evaluated as a feedstuff for growing and finishing swine. In all trials, SFS was added on an isolysine basis: 10 parts SFS replacing 8 parts corn and 2 parts soybean meal. Replacement levels were 20, 40, and 60% in the growth and the digestion trials, 25 and 50% in the finishing trial. Feed intake of growing pigs decreased linearly as the level of SFS in their diets increased. At 20 and 60% levels, effect on daily gain was not significant, but at 40% replacement weight gain decreased. Ether extract digestibility increased and energy digestibility decreased as the level of SFS was increased. Apparent digestibility of SFS was determined to be: dry mattter, 69±4%; energy, 77±5%; ether extract, 91±3%; and protein, 79±5%. Average daily gain was significantly higher for finishing pigs fed the control diet than for those fed either 25 or 50% SFS, but for all diets feed required per unit of gain was similar. Increasing the level of SFS in the diet increased the total unsaturation of the lipid of backfat and longissimus dorsi. The most dramatic change was the increase of linoleic acid (from 14.7% to 34.0% to 40.5% for backfat and 9.0% to 25.3% to 32.1% for longissimus dorsi samples, respectively, for pigs fed the control, 25%, and 50% SFS diets). Backfat thickness did not differ significantly among treatments, but the trend was toward increasing amounts of intramuscular fat as SFS in the diet was increased.Item Open Access Alfalfa meal as a protein supplement for finishing swine(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-05-07T15:56:12Z) Koch, B.A.; Allee, G.L.; Hines, Robert H.Two experiments involving 144 finishing pigs were conducted to evaluate alfalfa meal in diets of finishing swine. Results indicate that finishing swine can utilize diets with up to 20% alfalfa meal without significantly effecting pig performance. This suggests the maximum crude fiber level that the finishing pig (125 lbs. to market) can tolerate without a significant reduction in daily gain is 6-7% of the diet. Pelleting the diet may extend this level in that we noted a satisfactory rate of gain and feed/gain ratio when 25% alfalfa meal diets (7.4% crude fiber) were fed.Item Open Access Sprouted sorghum grain for finishing swine(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-05-07T15:56:02Z) Allee, G.L.; Koch, B.A.; Knake, R.; Hines, Robert H.In a three-week feeding trial for 30 growing pigs (70 lbs.), we compared diets formulated by using 1973 sprout damaged sorghum grain from two Kansas areas. No palatability problems were noted, weight gains were similar to those of pigs fed undamaged 1972 sorghum. Feed consumption of diets based on sprout damaged sorghum grain was higher, consequently, resulted in poorer feed conversion. Though the data may indicate slightly higher feed requirements, they should be considered only as preliminary, because results were based on only a short feeding period and few animals.Item Open Access Selection for muscling in swine and its effect on carcass traits(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-05-07T15:29:48Z) Wheat, J.D.; Kropf, Donald H.; Chang, C.H.; Hines, Robert H.Line differences in weight, litter size at different ages, and in age, loin eye area, and backfat thickness of pigs (adjusted to 200 pounds live weight) were not significant. Sex differences in weight and backfat thickness were significant. Dam groups of progeny differed significantly (P<.0l) in-weights at birth and at 14 and 28 days old and in age, loin eye area, and backfat thickness adjusted to 220 pounds live weight. Hams produced by barrows in the select line were significantly (P<.0l) darker and firmer than those from barrows in the control line.Item Open Access Effect of slatted floor type on performance of swine grown during cold(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-05-07T15:29:38Z) Ames, D.; Brink, D.Average daily weight gain, feed consumption, and feed efficiency were determined for growing finishing swine reared on metal (aluminum) as opposed to plastic, slatted floor at ambient temperatures of 17, 32, 41 and 46 ̊ F. Performance was significantly (P<.05) improved with plastic slats at 17 and 32 F.Item Open Access Sulfur amino acid requirement of the finishing pig(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-05-07T15:29:28Z) Trotter, M.; Allee, G.L.A growth and two nitrogen retention studies were conducted to determine the sulfur amino acid requirement of the finishing pig. Adding 0.10% DL-methionine to a 9.0% protein semi-purified basal diet containing 0.14% total sulfur amino acids significantly (P<.05) increased nitrogen retention, but further additions of DL-methionine had no beneficial effect. Daily gain was not significantly affected by adding DL-methionine to the basal diet, suggesting that the finishing pig has a lower sulfur amino acid requirement for daily gain than is essential for maximum nitrogen retention. These results suggest that the sulfur amino acid requirement of the finishing pig fed a 9.0% protein diet does not exceed 0.24% of the diet.Item Open Access Protein sequence for finishing swine(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-05-07T15:29:17Z) Koch, B.A.; Allee, G.L.; Hines, Robert H.Using. sixty barrows and gilts, we evaluated five protein sequences for finishing swine. Pigs fed rations containing 16% protein until they weighed 140 lbs., then 12% protein until they weighed 190 lbs., and there after 10% protein (ABC) until market weight gained significantly slower and at a greater cost per lb. of gain than did pigs in any of the other sequences. The cheapest cost per lb. of gain was observed for those pigs fed a 16% protein diet until they weighed 140 lbs. and then a 12% protein diet (ABB) until marketed at 240 lbs. Pigs with the leanest carcasses, largest loin eye, and greatest percentage of lean cuts were those fed a 16% protein diet (AAA) throughout the finishing trial. Pigs fed 16% protein diet to 140 lbs., 12% protein diet to 215 lbs. and then a 10% diet to market weight performed similarly to the ABB sequence group, as did pigs fed 16% protein diet to 190 lbs. and then a 10% ration (AAC) to market weight. Because of high feed costs, swine feeding programs may have to be evaluated continually to determine the most economical gain, which may or may not be compatable with superior rate of gain or carcass merit.Item Open Access Blood meal as an amino acid source in swine diets(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-05-07T15:29:08Z) Allee, G.L.; Koch, B.A.; Hines, Robert H.Two trials involving 94 pigs were conducted to evaluate blood meal as a supplemental amino acid source in swine diets. Performance of growing pigs was markedly reduced when blood meal completely replaced soybean meal as a supplemental amino acid source. Adding 0.1% L-isoleucine to the corn-blood meal diet significantly improved daily gain and feed efficiency. However, growing pigs fed any diet containing blood meal in place of soybean meal had reduced performance. Finishing pigs fed blood meal as a partial or total replacement for soybean meal gained at the same rate and were just as efficient in feed utilization as did those fed the corn-soybean diet. These results suggest that blood meal can be fed as the sole supplemental amino acid source in the diet of finishing pigs but not in the diet of growing pigs.
