Swine Day, 1976
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Item Open Access Preheating ventilating air with solar energy(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-05-07T16:00:08Z) Spillman, C.K.; Robbins, F.V.; Koch, B.A.When animals are confined inside buildings, ventilating air is required to remove moisture and odors. Young animals require relatively warm temperatures and do not produce enough heat to offset that lost through walls and to warm ventilating air. Supplemental heat required by young animals does not need to be high quality, and heating the air a few degrees is adequate for much of the fall, winter, and spring. For example, assume that a 26-sow, farrowing house has a 500 cfm fan. Current recommendations are to run that size fan continuously during the winter. If the ventilating air is heated 30 degrees, it requires 16,000 Btu per hour or 1 gallon of LP gas every 4.3 hours.Item Open Access Effects on profits and risks of hedging hogs in the futures market(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-05-07T15:54:41Z) McCoy, J.H.; Price, R.V.; Solomon, R.E.Erratic hog prices in recent years have compounded management problems. As a result, interest has increased in ways of tying down prices before the hogs are ready for market. This report presents results of a study of one approach to the problem -- hedging in the futures market.Item Open Access Correlations for performance traits of growing boars(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-05-07T15:54:32Z) Conley, P.B. III; Orwig, T.W.; Hines, Robert H.Performance records of 275 boars, beginning at 65 and ending at 250 lbs., were analyzed to determine correlations of performance traits. Fastest growing boars were more efficient (r=-.49). In addition, faster gaining boars also tended to have more backfat (r=.20). Backfat thickness and feed efficiency were not related (r=.0l). Average daily gain from 65 to 220 lbs. was highly correlated with average daily gain from 65 to 250 lbs. (r=.92), which suggests that boars need not be tested to heavier weights. The feed/gain ratios during both test periods likewise were highly correlated (r=.82).Item Open Access Relationship between body measurements and performance traits in boars(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-05-07T15:54:23Z) Conley, P.B. III; Orwig, T.W.; Hines, Robert H.Fourteen body measurements were taken on 259 boars at 65 lbs. and again at 250 lbs. determine the relationship of external body dimensions with certain performance traits. Correlations between body measurements and growth tended to be extremely low for most factors. Our results do not support using body measurements as v1sual indicators of growth. This study suggests that performance testing is still the best way to predict a particular animal’s genetic potential.Item Open Access Comparison of feed consumption of pigs in two lines(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-05-07T15:54:14Z) Wheat, J.D.; Kropf, Donald H.; Hines, Robert H.Pigs in the control line ate more, grew faster, and were less efficient than those in the select line.Item Open Access Efficacy of feeding finishing-pigs to heavier weights on two protein sequences(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-05-07T15:54:04Z) Koch, B.A.; Allee, G.L.; Hines, Robert H.Eighty-four pigs averaging 75 lbs. were used to evaluate feeding finishing hogs to 230, 260, or 290 lbs. on two protein regimes. Rate of gain declined after the pigs reached 200 lbs. regardless of protein level, which resulted in an increase of approximately 20 to 25 days required for each pen of pigs to average 30 lbs. of gain. Feed costs increased with the increased pounds of feed required per pound of gain for the heavier weights. Pigs fed the lower protein level from 200 lbs. to final weight required more feed per pound of gain, yielded carcasses with slightly more backfat thickness and significantly smaller loin eye areas than pigs fed more protein.Item Open Access Flavor enhancers in growing-pig rations(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-05-07T15:53:53Z) Koch, B.A.; Allee, G.L.; Hines, Robert H.Groups of growing pigs restricted to control feed or feed containing one of 5 commercial flavoring agents or taste enhancers consumed similar amounts of feed and made similar weight gains and similar feed/gain.Item Open Access Added pyridoxine for finishing-pig rations(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-05-07T15:53:45Z) Koch, B.A.; Allee, G.L.; Hines, Robert H.Pyridoxine added to finishing rations at two levels did not improve pig performance. Performance of pigs receiving a 20% crude protein broiler ration equalled, but was not better than, that of pigs receiving a standard 16% crude protein ration.Item Open Access Evaluation of antibacterial preparations on growth rate and feed efficiency of young pigs(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-05-07T15:53:34Z) Allee, G.L.; Koch, B.A.; Hines, Robert H.Ninety-six young pigs were used to evaluate various antibacterial preparations on rate and efficiency of gain. Each of the antibacterial preparations increased rate of gain over pigs fed the non-medicated basal diet. There were no significant differences in daily gains of pigs fed ASP-250, CSP-250, Lincomix, Mecadox, or Stafac.Item Open Access Dietary responses to processed and non-processed peanuts and grains by growing-finishing pigs(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-05-07T15:53:24Z) Balogun, T.F.; Koch, B.A.Twenty-four crossbred barrows and gilts averaging 92 lbs. were used to evaluate whole shelled peanut as a protein and energy source for pigs. Pigs used whole peanuts and corn less efficiently than ground peanuts and corn. Feed intake and average daily gain were greatly improved when peanuts and corn were fed in ground form. Roasting peanuts for one hour at 120 C improved performance only slightly over raw peanuts. Pigs fed a soybean meal diet had slightly better average daily gain than those fed a lysine-supplemented peanut meal diet.Item Open Access Effects of fat level and calorie-protein ratio on performance of finishing pigs(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-05-07T15:53:15Z) Allee, G.L.One hundred twenty finishing pigs averaging 52.9 kg (116 lbs.) initially were used to study effects of fat level and calorie-protein (C:P) ratio on performance and carcass traits of pigs fed a sorghum-soybean meal basal ration. The basal ration contained 13.1% crude protein, 0.55% lysine, 0.68% calcium and 0.59% phosphorus. Fat (tallow) was added to the basal ration at the expense of sorghum at 0, 3, 6, and 9% while maintaining a constant C:P ratio. Also, 9% fat was added to the basal ration without adjusting the C:P ratio. With a constant C:P ratio, daily gain and feed efficiency were improved by adding fat. Pigs fed the basal ration supplemented with 9% added fat while maintaining a constant C:P ratio gained faster and were more efficient (P<.05) than pigs fed 9% added fat without adjusting the C:P ratio. Carcass data were collected on 75 pigs at approximately 100 kg (220 lbs.). Adding fat resulted in a small, yet significant (P<.05), increase in backfat thickness. However, carcass value, on a grade and yield basis, was not reduced by adding fat.Item Open Access Effects of processing methods on the nutritional value of sorghum for weaned pigs(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-05-07T15:53:03Z) Allee, G.L.One hundred twenty-six weaned, crossbred pigs averaging 14 kg (31 lbs.) initially were used to evaluate the effects of various methods of processing sorghum grain. Processing methods evaluated were: pelleting, extruding, micronizing, high-moisture grain stored in an oxygen limiting structure, and high-moisture grain treated with propionic acid. Except for pelleting, only the grain (sorghum) was exposed to the various processing methods. After being processed, the sorghum was ground and incorporated into a 18% sorghum-soybean meal diet. None of the processing methods increased weight gain of weaned pigs over that by pigs fed the control diet (ground sorghum fed as a meal). Extruding reduced weight gain. Pelleting was the only processing method that improved feed efficiency.Item Open Access High-moisture sorghum for growing-finishing swine(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-05-07T15:52:53Z) Trotter, M.; Allee, G.L.Eighty-seven crossbred pigs (averaging 95 pounds initially) were used to compare the value of sorghum grain harvested with high-moisture and stored in an oxygen-limiting structure with that harvested with high-moisture and treated with propionic acid (1.2%), and stored in a metal bin, or field dried. Average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and feed/gain ratios in a growth trial and protein and energy digestibilities in a digestion trial, showed that high-moisture sorghum grain and field-dried sorghum have equal feeding values when compared on a dry-matter basis.Item Open Access Acid-treated high-moisture sorghum for swine(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-05-07T15:52:44Z) Allee, G.L.; Nelson, R.Three trials involving 166 growing pigs (initial weight 20.5 pounds) and 96 finishing pigs (initial weight 108.7 pounds) were conducted to investigate effects of feeding high-moisture, acid-treated sorghum to swine. Sorghum harvested at 23% moisture was treated with 1.2% propionic acid. Method of processing (whole or ground) and method of feeding (complete or free-choice) were also evaluated. Pigs fed high-moisture, acid-treated sorghum in a complete ration gained at the same rate and just as efficiently as pigs fed the dry, complete ration. Feeding of supplement free-choice tended to reduce daily gain but not feed efficiency. Finishing pigs fed whole, high-moisture, acid-treated sorghum required significantly (P<.05) more feed per unit of gain than pigs fed the ground high-moisture, acid-treated sorghum. Acid-treated, high-moisture sorghum in a ground complete ration is equal to dry sorghum in feeding value for swine.Item Open Access Femur or phalange bones as indicators of dietary phosphorus deficiency(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-05-07T15:52:32Z) Hsu, J.; Allee, G.L.; Koch, B.A.Fifteen crossbred gilts averaging 115 pounds were fed one of three phosphorus levels 70 days (to 219 pounds average) then their femur and phalange bones were compared. Each group of five gilts had received either 0.40%, 0.50% or 0.60% total dietary phosphorus and 0.65% dietary calcium during the 70-day feeding period. The basal sorghum-soybean meal ration contained 0.30% of plant phosphorus. Specific gravity and X-ray or chemical analysis of femurs showed no significant differences among groups, but the breaking strength of femurs from gilts fed 0.6% phosphorus was significantly higher than that from gilts fed 0.4% phosphorus. Femur and phalange comparisons were inconclusive.Item Open Access Trace mineral levels during gestation of sows in confinement-effects on immunoglobin performance and health of neonatal pigs(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-05-07T15:52:22Z) Schoneweis, D.A.; Allee, G.L.We compared the effects of two levels of trace minerals fed dams during gestation on the hemoglobin, packed cell volume, performance, and health of 31 litters of neonatal pigs. The dams had been on concrete all of their lives. There were no significant differences in the hemoglobin or packed cell volume in pigs due to trace mineral levels fed the dam during gestation. There were no apparent differences in the incidence of neonatal disease or other problems in any of the pigs. These results indicate no benefit from adding excess trace minerals to the ration of sows during gestation, even though the sows are in confinement.Item Open Access Dehydrated alfalfa to control intake of self-fed sows during gestation(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-05-07T15:30:27Z) Allee, G.L.Two trials with 47 second-and third-litter sows and one trial involving 40 gilts were conducted to evaluate self-feeding a diet containing 96% dehydrated alfalfa during gestation. Sows were maintained in outside lots (approximately 2 1/2 acres) until the 100 - 110th day of gestation. The control gestation ration (15% protein sorghum-soybean meal) was fed in individual feeding stalls at 2 kg (4.4 lbs.) per head per day. All sows were fed a 16% protein diet ad libitum during the 28-day lactation period. Trial I using Yorkshire sows started in July with sows farrowing in September. Trial II using Duroc sows started in September with sows farrowing in November and December. Gilts bred in March and April and farrowing in June were used in trial III Intake of self-fed sows was measured weekly. In the first trial, feed intake of self-fed sows averaged 3.88 kg (8.54 lbs.) daily with a gestation weight gain of 29 kg (53.8 lbs.). Self-fed sows in trial II consumed an average of 2.90 kg (6.38 lbs.) daily and gained 23.3 kg (51.3 lbs.) during gestation. Self-fed gilts in trial III consumed an average of 2.56 kg (5.63 lbs.) daily and gained 19.6 kg (43.2 lbs.) from 30 days post-breeding to farrowing. Control gilts gained 39.1 kg (86.0 lbs.) during gestation.
