Swine Day, 1981
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Item Open Access Estrous synchronization and fertility in allyl trenbolone-treated gilts(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-04-30T18:06:34Z) Stevenson, Jeffrey S.; Schmidt, W.E.; Davis, Duane L.; davis; jssOnset of estrus in gilts fed allyl-trenbolone for either 14 or 18 days was controlled effectively. The stage of the cycle at the beginning of treatment had little effect on the synchronization response. More than 97% of the treated gilts showed estrus within 3 to 8 days after the last progestagen feeding. Treatment did not affect gestation length, farrowing rate, or litter size.Item Open Access Prostaglandin F2α to induce farrowing in sows(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-04-30T18:03:10Z) Davis, Duane L.; davisAlternate groups of sows were synchronized, with prostaglandin, to farrow within a certain time or to serve as controls. The objective was to determine if baby-pig survival or litter-weaning weight would be improved by such group farrowing. Results indicated no improvement in those traits; therefore, if prostaglandin is used under the conditions of this experiment, its cost will have to be justified by other considerations.Item Open Access Farrowing duration and its effects on pig performance(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-04-30T18:01:38Z) Wheat, J.D.; Allee, G.L.; Hines, Robert H.Based on the first 76 farrowings recorded, average duration (the time between the birth of the first pig and of the last pig in the litter) was 129.09±7.28 minutes, and the average time interval between pigs was 15.71± 1.02 minutes. Longer farrowings were associated with longer intervals (r=.73), but farrowing duration and litter size at birth were not closely related (r=.19, P>.05). Farrowing duration was positively associated with the number of pigs born alive (r=.34, P<.0l). Farrowing interval, a better criterion of speed of farrowing than farrowing duration, was significantly associated with number of pigs alive at birth and at weaning; the correlations were, respectively, -.75 and -.78. Farrowing interval was also negatively associated with litter weight at 21 days, the correlation was -.32 (P<.05). So naturally it was negatively associated with the National Swine Improvement Federation's sow-productivity index: (r=-18, P<.05). The index is 6.5 times the number of pigs born alive plus litter weight of pigs 21 days old. The number of live pigs per litter at birth averaged 9.75±.34 and at 21 days, 8.60±1.2.Item Open Access Adding whey and fishmeal to swine finishing diets(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-04-30T17:56:19Z) Hines, Robert H.One hundred fifty finishing pigs were studied to evaluate the effect of adding whey and/or fishmeal to a sorghum grain-soybean meal basal swine diet. No significant effects due to treatment were observed on rate of gain, daily feed intake, or feed per lb. of gain for finishing pigs.Item Open Access Growing vegetables and flowering plants in a greenhouse supplied with swine-building exhaust air.(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-04-30T17:49:03Z) Greig, J.K.; Spillman, C.K.; Koch, B.A.Exhaust air from a Kansas State University swine-finishing house provides C02 and possibly other gases that are being used by vegetable plants in a KSU green house. In addition, a rock-storage system reduces fuel requirements of the greenhouse. Tomatoes and cucumbers have been the major food crops studied, but transplant production of geraniums, marigolds, snapdragons, and calendula also has been studied. Poinsettias were grown as a fall crop in 1980.Item Open Access Duration of plasma oxytetracycline levels in neonatal pigs(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-04-30T17:48:48Z) Schoneweis, D.; Hummels, S.; Schulteis, L.Samples from neonatal pigs were evaluated to determine the persistence of plasma oxytetracycline after injecting LA 200®. Significant (minimum of .2 mcg/ml) amounts of oxytetracycline were found in all samples 96 hours after the injection, and oxytetracycline still persisted in many pigs after 168 hours.Item Open Access Value of adding fat to finishing diets to alleviate heat stress(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-04-30T17:48:34Z) Nichols, David A.; Ames, D.R.; Allee, G.L.; Hines, Robert H.; dnicholsCrossbred barrows, observed at temperatures of 62 and 95°F, were fed either a control or a fat added diet. Pigs housed at 95°F ate significantly less feed, gained slower, and were less efficient than littermates housed at 62°F. Fat addition to the diet did not significantly influence performance when fed at 62 or 95°F. The addition of fat did not appear to reduce heat stress or improve performance when fed at the higher temperature.Item Open Access Intermittant antibiotics vs. continuous antibiotics for the finishing pig(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-04-30T17:48:21Z) Hines, Robert H.The use of low or high level antibiotics fed continuously or intermittantly (2 week rotation) to 310 finishing pigs was evaluated in two trials. No significant improvements were noted for rate of gain or feed per lb. of gain in pigs fed antibiotics either continuously or intermittantly, as compared with pigs fed no antibiotics. No difference in performance was observed in pigs fed antibiotics intermittantly or continuously. The rotation of two high level antibiotics in Trial II did not significantly improve the performance of pigs over that of pigs fed no antibiotics.Item Open Access Effect of space allowance with and without antibiotic on performance of weaned pigs(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-04-30T17:48:09Z) Hines, Robert H.Two feeding trials were conducted to evaluate 1.5, 2.5, and 3.5 sq. ft. of space allowance for the four week old weaned pig. In addition, performance of pigs fed an antibiotic (ASP 250) versus no antibiotic at each space allowance was evaluated. The pigs fed an antibiotic gained significantly faster than pigs receiving no antibiotic; however, most of the improvements were observed the first three weeks of the five week trial. Maximum growth was observed at 2.5 sq. ft. and 3.5 sq. ft. of space allowance. Pigs given 1.5 sq. ft. gained slightly slower throughout the trial. This study suggests that 2.5 sq. ft. of space (totally slatted floor) is adequate for the 4-week-old pig and thereafter until weighing approximately 45 lbs.Item Open Access Effect of diet and method of feeding on performance of pigs weaned at three weeks of age(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-04-30T17:47:56Z) Clarkson, J.R.; Allee, G.L.Four trials involving 600 pigs weaned at 15 to 23 days were conducted to evaluate pig performance as affected by added whey and method of feeding during the first week after weaning. Pigs fed 20% dried whole whey gained faster the first two weeks after weaning and during the 35-day trial than did pigs fed a milo-soybean meal diet with no whey. Ten percent dried whole whey did not improve performance over that of the control diet, and 30% dried whey showed no advantage over the 20% whey diet. Pigs fed delactosed whey substituted on a protein basis for 20% dried whole whey performed the same as those fed 20% whole whey. Adding lactose to the basal diet did not improve pig performance. Pigs fed the 20% whey diet for the first two weeks and the control diet for the last three weeks of the trial performed similar to those fed the 20% whey diet during the entire 35-day trial. By feeding a whey diet for only two weeks, total cost of gain is greatly decreased.Item Open Access Performance of weanling pigs as influenced by feeding insect-and fungal-damaged grain sorghum(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-04-30T17:47:30Z) Dietz, J.C.; Behnke, Keith C.; Allee, G.A.; Deyoe, C.W.; kbfeedUsing 128 crossbred pigs with an average initial weight of 18.3 Kg, we determined the effect that insect- and fungal-damaged sorghum would have on the pigs' performance. No differences were found in daily feed consumption for any treatment during a 28-day feeding trial. Average daily gains and feed efficiencies were similar to those of the control for pigs fed grain sorghum that had been damaged by lesser grain borer; red beetle; a mixture of lesser grain borer, flat grain beetle, and indian meal moth, or Aspergilas Candidus. Pigs fed grain sorghum damaged by rice weevil showed lower average daily gains and a higher feed-to-gain ratio than did the controls. Aspergilas Glaucus-damaged grain showed similar ADG, but a significantly poorer F/G during the first 14 days, but not during the second half of the study. Even though insect damaged grain appears to be nutritionally adequate rather significant losses of dry matter and energy are sustained when grain sorghum is allowed to go out of condition. Up to 6% of the gross energy and approximately 5% of the crude protein content was lost to infestation or fungal invasion.Item Open Access Effect of diet complexity and physical form on performance of starter pigs and on efficiency of feed processing(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-04-30T17:47:16Z) Pollmann, S.; Behnke, Keith C.; Allee, G.; kbfeedIn two trials 330 crossbred pigs averaging 12 pounds were used to evaluate the effect of starter diet complexity and physical form on average daily gain, feed efficiency, and cost of gain. In a processing efficiency trial, pellet durability, amount fines returned, and power consumption were determined. A diet with milo-soybean meal as a basis (simple) was compared with one containing 3% tallow and 5% dried whey in milo-soybean meal (complex). Each was processed into three physical forms: meal, pellet, and crumble. Adding 3% tallow and 5% whey to milo-soybean meal diet did not improve performance of the starter pigs but did increase cost of gain. In Trial I, average daily gain of pigs consuming pellets or crumbles was improved over that of meal-fed pigs (P<.05). In both trials, cost of gain was the greatest for crumble-fed pigs. Starter pig diet complexity and physical form did not affect the number of days to market or weight per day of age. In the processing efficiency trial, pellet durability and fines returned for reprocessing were adversely affected by adding of whey and tallow, but rate and power efficiency were improved by including whey and tallow. These results suggest that starter pigs will perform similarly and that cost of gain will be less for pigs on a simple diet in meal form than on a more complex diet in pellets or crumbles.Item Open Access Soybean protein in milk replacer diets for baby pigs(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-04-30T17:47:03Z) Allee, G.L.; Hsu, P.; Prather, R.S.Two trials, involving 108 pigs, were conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing milk protein with various levels of soybean protein in milk replacer diets. Pigs fed diets in which 25 or 50% of the milk protein was replaced with a modified soybean had weight gains and efficiencies similar to those of pigs fed the all-milk-protein diet, but incidence of scours decreased. Protein digestibility decreased as the level of soybean protein in the diet increased. These results suggest that 25 to 50% of the milk protein in a 28% protein milk replacer diet can be replaced with a modified soybean protein, thereby greatly reducing feed cost.Item Open Access Rapid ID of diarrhea causing K88 E. coli(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-04-30T17:34:53Z) Mills, K.W.; Phillips, R.M.; Kelly, B.L.; Baughman, G.L.The efficiency of the standard agglutination test, Y-1 mouse adrenal cell test, and infant-mouse gastric test was compared with a recently developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting the K88 pilus antigen and enterotoxin-producing E. coli. Isolates from clinical samples were identified on suspensions of bacteria. The sensitivity of the assay was in the nanogram-per-ml range as determined by measuring purified pili.Item Open Access Plasma and milk oxytetracycline levels in post parturient sows(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-04-30T17:33:36Z) Schoneweis, D.; Hummels, S.; Schulteis, L.Plasma and milk samples were collected from three sows injected with LA 200 at 4 hours after injection and at 24-hour intervals thereafter. The single dose was calculated at 1 ml/22 pounds.Item Open Access Alfalfa haylage for sows during gestation(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-04-30T17:33:03Z) Allee, G.L.Digestion and nitrogen retention studies suggest that three pounds of good quality alfalfa haylage dry matter and two pounds of a grain, mineral, and vitamin premix will meet the nutritional requirements of sows during gestation. Quality of the haylage is extremely important for sows. Third-cutting alfalfa had a higher digestible energy and digestible protein than did the more mature first-cutting haylage. The digestible energy of alfalfa haylage for sows was 954 to 1,096 Kcal/pound. Sows fed alfalfa haylage and ONLY ONE pound of a grain vitamin and mineral premix farrowed pigs that were lighter at birth than pigs farrowed from sows fed 4½ pounds of a corn-soy diet during gestation.Item Open Access Whey, steam rolled or whole oats, and fishmeal or meat and bone scraps for weaned pigs(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-04-30T17:32:20Z) Hines, Robert H.In two feeding trials, the use of whey, steam rolled or ground oats, fishmeal or meat and bone scraps in starter diets for the weaned pig was evaluated. In Trial I, pigs fed the basal corn-soybean meal diet gained 5% slower than pigs fed diets containing 8.75% whey, with either 8.75% steam rolled or ground oats and 2.5% fishmeal or meat and bone scraps. The pounds of feed required per pound of gain were similar for all diets, resulting in the cheapest gain with the corn-soybean meal basal diet. In Trial II, 192 lighter pigs were used (13 to 24 lbs., initial weight) with similar results. No significant difference was observed in rate of gain, average daily feed intake, or feed efficiency when whey, steamed rolled or ground oats, or fishmeal or meat and bone scraps were added to the basal ration. All diets contained approximately 17.5% crude protein, 1.08% lysine, .88% calcium, and .75% phosphorus. No beneficial effect seemingly is gained using more expensive feedstuffs (steam rolled oats and fishmeal) than more common feeds (ground oats and meat and bone scraps). The cheapest feed. cost per lb. of gain in both trials was observed with the basal corn-soybean meal fortified diet.
