Swine Day, 1982

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Open Access
Value of rhinitis vaccination of young pigs
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-04-30T18:06:19Z) Pollmann, D.S.; Schoneweis, D.A.; Kennedy, G.A.
A study was conducted using 57 pigs from 10 litters to evaluate the value of rhinitis vaccination on performance, carcass quality, and health status. Pigs vaccinated with bordetella vaccine had fewer (P<.05) days to market and weight gains were superior (P<.05) to the non-vaccinated control group. Carcass quality and turbinate atrophy were not different among treatments. Turbinate scores were not related to growth rate.
Open Access
Repopulation of pseudorabies-infected swine herds by embryo transfers
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-04-30T18:05:54Z) James, J.E.; James, D.M.; Martin, P.A.; Davis, Duane L.; davis
Embryos were transferred from two pseudorabies infected herds to recipients from a pseudorabies free herd. All 38 donor sows had serum titers for pseudorabies but no recipients or pigs that were farrowed had clinical signs or serum titers for pseudorabies. In total 805 embryos were transferred to 34 recipient sows and gilts of which 22 (65%) farrowed 208 pigs (189 farrowed alive).
Open Access
Evaluation of flavomycin in on-farm trials
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-04-30T18:05:42Z) Pollmann, D.S.; Simms, D.; Francis, E.; Orwig, T.; Brazle, F.
Twelve on-farm trials with a total of 1572 pigs were conducted to evaluate the effect of Flavomycin in growing-finishing swine diets. In three of the twelve trials, average daily gain was increased (P<.06) and in seven of the trials, feed efficiency was improved numerically with Flavomycin over nonmedicated control and other feed additives (Aureomycin, Tylan, Stafac, Pen-Strep, and Lincomix). The percent improvement varied greatly by location of the trial.
Open Access
Effects of limit-feeding finishing swine on performance and carcass measurements
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-04-30T18:05:17Z) Zook, W.; Allee, G.L.
Two feeding trials with 138 crossbred pigs with an average initial weight of 129 pounds were conducted to determine the effects of limit feeding on average daily gain, feed efficiency and carcass measurements. Pigs were fed either ad libitum, restricted to 80 or 85% of ad Iibitum intake, or restricted to 2, 4 or 8 hours access to self-feeders. Average daily gain was decreased (P<.05) by reducing feed intake to 80 or 85% of ad Iibitum, and restricting pigs to 2, or 4 hours access to feed. Pigs allowed 8 hours access to feed gained at the same rate, with similar feed intake as pigs fed ad Iibitum. Feed efficiency was not different for any of the restricted fed treatments. However, pigs restricted to 80% of ad Iibitum had the best feed efficiency. Barrows and gilts responded similarly to restricted feeding.
Open Access
Hard wheat compared to soft wheat for finishing swine
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-04-30T18:04:43Z) Hines, Robert H.
Three feeding trials were conducted to compare soft winter wheat with hard winter wheat for finishing swine. In each trial, soft wheat diets supported weight gains and feed/gain ratio equal to those observed for pigs fed hard winter wheat diets. Both soft and hard wheat diets were compared with milo basal diets resulting in similar performances and reaffirming that wheat can replace all the milo in a swine diet. The study involving the method of processing the wheat diets indicated that rolled wheat diets resulted in pig performance superior to ground diets. Pelleting wheat diets was superior to both grinding and rolling as shown by performance. Soft wheat as well as hard wheat can be fed to finishing swine with only the addition of lysine. No soybean meal is needed since lysine is the only limiting amino acid in wheat-based finishing diets.
Open Access
Growing vegetables and flowering plants in a greenhouse supplied with swine-building exhaust air
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-04-30T18:02:56Z) Greig, J.K.; Spillman, C.K.; Koch, B.A.
Exhaust air from a Kansas State University swine-farrowing house provides CO2 and possibly other gases that are being used by vegetable plants in a KSU greenhouse. In addition, a rock-storage system reduces fuel requirements of the greenhouse. Tomatoes and cucumbers have been the major food crops studied, but transplant production of geraniums, marigolds, snapdragons, and calendula also has been studied. Poinsettias were grown as a fall crop in 1980 and again in 1982.
Open Access
Stunning method and time interval from stunning to bleeding effects on blood splashing in pork
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-04-30T18:02:32Z) Burson, D.E.; Hunt, Melvin C.; Schafer, D.E.; Beckwith, D.; Garrison, J.R.; hhunt
Two studies were designed to test the effects of stunning method and time interval between stunning and bleeding on blood splashing in pork muscle. In study I, 82 market weight barrows and gilts were randomly assigned to one of two treatments using captive bolt stunning with either a short (18.5 sec) or a delayed (144.7 sec) time interval to bleeding. More (P<.05) blood splashing occurred in the ham, loin and shoulder of the delayed time group than in the short time group. In study II, 48 barrows and gilts were randomly assigned to one of four treatment combinations using either captive bolt or electric stunning with either a short (8.7 sec) or delayed (96.0 sec) time interval before bleeding. Carcasses in the captive bolt-delayed time group had more (P<.05) blood splashing in the diaphragm, fresh ham face and cured ham than in those muscles from the other treatment groups. Blood splashing in the diaphragm, ham face and cured ham were similar (P>.05) for the captive bolt-short, electric-short and electric-delayed time groups.
Open Access
Effect of test weight of hard winter wheat on performance of finishing swine
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-04-30T18:02:18Z) Pollmann, D.S.; Hines, Robert H.
Ninety crossbred pigs averaging 135 lbs. were used to evaluate the effect of reduced bushel weight of wheat on performance. Wheat (59 lb) fed to finishing pigs resulted in growth and feed efficiency similar to a milo base diet. Wheat of reduced bushel weight (51 lb and 45 lb) caused a linear effect upon feed efficiency because the pigs consumed more feed per day with equal average daily gain. The blending of equal parts of milo and 45 lb wheat resulted in similar growth rate and a slightly improved feed:gain ratio as compared to the pigs fed the 45 lb wheat diet.
Open Access
Varying amounts of scabby wheat added to growing-finishing rations
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-04-30T18:01:51Z) Koch, B.A.; Pollmann, D.S.
Scabby wheat, infected with the fungus, Fusarium graminearum and grading No.4, replaced varying percentages of grain in a typical sorghum grain-soybean meal growing-finishing ration. Four pigs eating the control ration made an average daily gain of 1.91 pounds per day and a feed efficiency of 3.44. When 25% of the sorghum grain was replaced by scabby wheat, average daily gain dropped to 1.71 pounds per day and feed efficiency was 3.29. Replacing 50% of the sorghum grain with scabby wheat reduced average daily gain to 1.56 pounds with a feed efficiency of 2.99. Higher percentages of scabby wheat reduced feed intake drastically. The 25% scabby wheat ration contained 0.75 ppm of vomitoxin and the 50% ration contained 2.07 ppm (ration analysis values). All pigs eating rations containing scabby wheat appeared to drink excessive amounts of water.
Open Access
Effect of scabby wheat in starter pig diets
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-04-30T18:01:25Z) Pollmann, D.S.; Koch, B.A.
Two studies using a total of 64 starter pigs (averaging 16-18 lbs initial weight) to evaluate the influence of varying levels of vornitoxin-contaminated wheat on performance was conducted. In both trials it appears that when vomitoxin levels exceed 1 ppm, a reduction in performance was evident. Feed refusal was evident particularly the first week on the vomitoxin-contaminated wheat. No symptoms of sickness, nor an influence on tissue size and function, were observed. The pigs were unable to compensate for depression in gains after withdrawal of vomitoxin-contaminated wheat.
Open Access
Influence of nonviable lactobacillus fermentation product in artificially reared pigs challenged with e. coli
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-04-30T17:56:32Z) Pollmann, D.S.; Kennedy, G.A.; Koch, B.A.; Allee, G.L.
Two trials were conducted to determine the influence of non viable lactobacillus fermentation product (LFP) in artificially reared pigs removed from sows at 24 to 36 hours postpartum. The pigs were fed a non-medicated milk replacer for 21 days in individual cages in an environmentally controlled room. In Trial I, 5 levels (0, .25, .5, 1.0, and 2.0 ml per pig per day) of LFP were used to determine the dosage rate on growth, feed efficiency, mortality rate, white blood cell count, and hematocrit (8 pigs per treatment). No detectable dosage rate was obvserved in Trial I. In Trial II, a study was conducted to determine the effect of LFP on lactobacill us and coli form (E. coli) counts, histopathology of the small intestine, growth and blood parameters. When pigs were 14 days old they received an inoculum of either a broth containing E. coli (strain K88,91; approximately billion organisms for two days) or broth without E. coli. Pigs were fed three levels of the LFP at 0, .5, and 1.0 ml per day. Pigs were sacrificed five days and seven sections of gastrointestinal tract and feces were excised to enumerate lactobacillus and coliform populations. A dose rate of .5 ml per day increased gain (P<.08) and suppressed E. coli count in the stomach area without affecting lactobacillus populations.- No differences were detected with the pathological evaluation. By challenging the pigs with E. coli, jejunum (section of the small intestine) coliform and white blood cell counts were increased (P<.06). These results suggest that lactobacillus fermentation product suppresses E. coli counts in the stomach and may improve gain in the artificially reared pig.
Open Access
Stability of commercially available lactobacillus products
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-04-30T17:56:07Z) Pollmann, D.S.; Bandyk, C.A.
A study was conducted to determine the viability of three commercially available lactobacillus products in nonmedicated and medicated (lincomycin at 100 grams per ton) swine feed in several different environments over a 3-month period. Each product was stored in five environments: refrigeration (40°F), room temperature (70°F) in sealed container, room temperature in unsealed container, swine nursery (90°F) in a sealed container, and swine nursery in an unsealed container. Feed samples were counted for lactobacillus at weeks 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 12 with four replications. The three commercial products differed in stability while maintained in the various environmental conditions. Refrigerated storage prolonged (P<.05) stability of all products. Stability of products stored at room temperature was greater than those stored in the nursery (P<.05). Medication had a slight adverse affect on the product stability. There were no differences between samples stored in sealed or open containers. These results demonstrate that the stability of viable lactobacillus products can be influenced by storage environment, length of storage, and type of medication in the feed.
Open Access
On-farm evaluation of commercial feed and type of medication for weaned pigs
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-04-30T17:45:54Z) Pollmann, D.S.; Henry, Steven C.; Francis, E.
A trial was conducted to evaluate the influence of diet composition and type of medication on pigs weaned at approximately 5 weeks of age (average initial weight of 15 pounds). A commercial feeding program containing extruded full fat soybeans was compared with a milo-soybean meal diet (19.2% protein and 1.25% lysine) containing neomycin (150 grams per ton) or neoterramycin (150 grams of neomycin and terramycin each per ton). Pigs were fed the treatments for 6 weeks while in the nursery. Performance was monitored continuously to market weight to evaluate the influence of the nursery treatments on the overall growth and carcass yield. The results of this study suggest that neoterramycin is superior (P<.05) to neomycin in starter pig diets. Pigs consuming the commercial feed had improved (P<.05) gain, feed efficiency, and number of days to market. But in this herd, the commercial feed increased mortality rate due to gut edema and increased feed cost per pound of gain (P<.05).
Open Access
Lysine and dried whey additions in starter pig diets
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-04-30T17:45:38Z) Pollmann, D.S.; Allee, G.A.; Hines, Robert H.
A total of 943 newly weaned (18 to 30 days of age) pigs were used in five trials to evaluate the addition of lysine and dried whey in starter diets. The results of these studies show that the lysine requirement is 1.2 to 1.3% during the nursery phase (up to approximately 50 lbs). When lysine levels are greater than 1.3% with added L-Iysine monohydrochloride, a reduction in performance will be evident (P<.05). Rolled dried whey appears to be inferior (P<.10) to spray dried whey in starter pig diets.
Open Access
Effects of whey products on performance of weaned pigs
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-04-30T17:45:26Z) Pope, S.; Allee, G.L.
Three trials were conducted utilizing 458 pigs with an average age of 21 days to study the effects of adding whole whey, or partially delactosed whey from two sources in the diet of weaned pigs on growth, feed intake, and feed efficiency. Additionally, the optimum length of time to feed whole whey and the relationship of age at weaning and addition of whey to the diet were studied. The addition of whey to the diets increased performance of the pigs by 2 to 3 pounds at 8 weeks of age. Pigs fed 20% whole whey diets for 2 weeks performed similarly as those fed 20% whole whey for 5 weeks. No differer1ces were observed between pigs fed whole whey and partially delactosed whey diets. Partially delactosed whey from two different sources produced similar pig performance. Pigs weaned at 3 and 5 weeks performed similarly and out-performed those weaned at 2 weeks. Pigs fed 20% whole whey (weaned at 2, 3, 4, or 5 weeks) outperformed pigs fed the control diet.
Open Access
Cell-mediated immunity in weaned pigs
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-04-30T17:45:15Z) Blecha, Frank; Pollmann, D.S.; Nichols, David A.; blecha; dnichols
The stress of weaning lowers cellular immune reactivity in 2-, 3- and 4-week-old pigs. However, pigs weaned at 5 weeks of age do not exhibit altered cell-mediated immune reactivity. Those changes could alter disease susceptibility in young pigs.
Open Access
Computerized heat loss evaluation of farrowing houses
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-04-30T17:44:56Z) George, H.C.; Spillman, C.K.; Hines, Robert H.
Accurate and concise heat loss analysis is available through a computer program to help producers. The economic benefit of insulating a new structure or increasing the insulation level of each of the building parts (ceiling, walls, windows, etc.) is calculated by the program. Ventilation is evaluated to assist the swine producer in understanding proper ventilation rates.
Open Access
Birth sequence and its effects on litter size
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-04-30T17:44:40Z) Wheat, J.D.; Suba, M.S.; Allee, G.L.; Hines, Robert H.
Average farrowing interval and duration were 15.8 and 143.8 minutes for 1766 pigs born in 169 litters. Pigs born later in the litter were larger (r=.43) at birth. The correlation was -.14 between farrowing interval, average time between the birth of pigs within the litter, and litter 21-day weight. Sixteen pigs were classified as mummies and their birth sequences ranged from 1 to 15 with an average of 6.5. In 53.5 percent of the litters, the first pig born was a gilt and in 18.4 percent of the litters the first pig born was the largest in the litter. However, the first pig born was the smallest in the litter in 13.5 percent of the litters. The last pig in the litter was the smallest pig in 8.5 percent and largest in 16.3 percent of the litters. Pigs dead at birth, but not classified as mummies, ranged in birth order from 1 to 15 and had an average rank of 7.5. Among pigs dead at birth, 67 percent were boars.
Open Access
Comparison of Gleptosil with iron Dextran for anemia prevention in young pigs
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-04-30T17:44:26Z) Pollmann, D.S.; Smith, J.E.; Stevenson, Jeffrey S.; Schoneweis, D.A.; Hines, Robert H.; jss
Gleptosil, a commercial iron product, was compared with iron dextran for the prevention of iron deficiency anemia in young pigs. Using 26 litters, pigs (within each litter) were randomly allotted to one of the three treatments: 1) control (no iron), 2) iron dextran (200 mg) and 3) Gleptosil (2OO mg). Blood was collected at 0, 10, 21 and 50 days post-treatment for red blood cell count (RBC), hematocrit (HCT), hemoglobin (HGB) concentration, serum iron concentration and serum iron-binding capacity (IBC). At 21 days, 30 pigs (one pig/treatment from each of 10 litters) were killed to determine mg non-heme iron (NHFe) in liver and spleen, bile IBC and concentrations of bile and fecal iron. There were no differences (P<.05) between iron sources in 3- or 8-week body weight or in any of the blood or tissue characteristics. In contrast, control pigs gained less (P<.05) weight and had lower (P<.05) RBC, HGB, HCT, serum iron, and liver and spleen NHFe than those that received iron dextran or Gleptosil. Serum IBC was greater (P<.05) for the control than for iron-treated pigs. These results demonstrate that the iron from iron dextran and Gleptosil can be used with similar efficiency for anemia prevention in young pigs.
Open Access
Value of sprinklers to reduce heat stress of lactating sows
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-04-30T17:44:12Z) Nichols, David A.; Murphy, James P.; Pollmann, D.S.; Ames, D.R.; dnichols; jmurphy
Twenty-eight sows and gilts were used to evaluate the value of drip sprinkling to reduce heat stress during lactation. Sprinkled sows had significantly lower respiration rates (P<.05) and consumed significantly more feed during the 21-day lactation. Number of pigs born live, dead, and weaned were not affected by sprinkling. Sprinkled sows tended to wean heavier pigs and lose less weight during lactation but these differences were not significant. These results indicate that a drip cooling for lactating sows is a low cost, effective method to reduce heat stress.