Swine Day, 1995

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Open Access
Dietary lysine and slaughter weight affect growth performance and carcass characteristics in boars and barrows
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-03-12T21:28:04Z) Rantanen, M.M.; Hines, Robert H.; Kim, I.H.; Friesen, K.G.; Hancock, Joe D.; jhancock
During the growing and finishing period, the boars ate less, had better F/G, and were less fat than barrows. A high plane of nutrition (high vs moderate lysine concentrations for the growing-finishing phases) and decreasing slaughter weight from 260 to 220 lb also improved efficiency of gain and carcass leanness. However, many notable interactions occurred among the gender x lysine x slaughter weight treatments. Also, year (rotational-cross of average health status and lean growth potential vs a terminal-cross of high lean growth potential after repopulation of the farm) had pronounced effects on growth performance and carcass merits such that the combination of lean genotype-boars-high lysine-220 lb had advantages of 15, 20, 39,49, and 15% for ADG, ADFI, and F/G, avg backfat thickness, and fat-free lean index, respectively, compared to the control (i.e., the avg lean growth-barrows-moderate lysine-260 lb treatment).
Open Access
The effects of increasing dietary energy density on growing-finishing pig growth performance and carcass characteristics
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-03-12T21:27:52Z) Smith, J.W.II; Musser, R.M.; Nessmith, W.B. Jr.; Bergstrom, J.R.; Loughmiller, J.A.; Nelssen, Jim L.; Goodband, Robert D.; Tokach, Michael D.; jnelssen; goodband; mtokach; jbergstr
Eighty crossbred gilts were used in a growth trial to evaluate the effects of increasing dietary energy density on growing-finishing pig growth performance and carcass characteristics. In this trial, adding fat to corn-soybean meal diets with a constant calorie: lysine ratio to increase the energy density during the growing phase (98 to 160 lb) improved feed efficiency with no influence on growth rate. However, increasing the energy content of the diet by adding fat had no benefit during the finishing phase (160 to 233 lb).
Open Access
Can augers be used to blend diets on the farm?
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-03-12T21:27:42Z) Johnston, S.L.; Hines, Robert H.; Traylor, S.L.; Hancock, Joe D.; Behnke, Keith C.; jhancock; kbfeed
Growing/finishing gilts were fed two-, three-, four-, or five-phase diet regimens from 77 to 276 lb. The diets were mixed in either a conventional, horizontal ribbon mixer or a 9 ft auger. No interactions occurred among the mixer type and phase-feeding treatments. Pigs fed diets blended with the auger had similar ADG but slightly (4%) worse F/G compared to those fed diets mixed in the mixer. Finally, the three-phase regimen gave the lowest F/G and the lowest cost of gain.
Open Access
Estimated budgets for separate-site swine production
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-03-12T21:27:29Z) Dhuyvetter, Kevin C.; Tokach, Michael D.; Jones, R.D.; kcd; mtokach
Budgets were developed to help Kansas swine producers analyze the economics of separate-site production. Return on investment (ROI) was estimated at 9.5%in each of the three production phases. Returns over total costs were very sensitive to transfer price between phases (weaned pig and feeder pig price) as well as production efficiencies and input costs.
Open Access
Flavor and aroma of low-dose irradiated, boneless, pork chops
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-03-12T21:27:16Z) Luchsinger, S.E.; Garcia Zepeda, C.M.; Chambers, Edgar, IV; Hollingsworth, M.E.; Hunt, Melvin C.; Marsden, James L.; Stroda, Sally L.; Rubio Canas, E.J.; Kastner, Curtis L.; Kuecker, W.G.; Mata, T.; Kropf, Donald H.; dkropf; eciv; hhunt; jmarsden; sstroda; ckastner
Irradiation and irradiation source had little to no effect on flavor and aroma of boneless pork chops, either frozen or chilled. Coupled with consumer concerns about food safety and well-documented improvement in consumer attitudes about irradiated foods, irradiation of boneless pork chops has promising potential for market acceptance.
Open Access
Test weight affects the milling characteristics of grain sorghum
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-03-12T21:27:04Z) Traylor, S.L.; Herrman, Timothy J.; Behnke, Keith C.; Hancock, Joe D.; kbfeed; jhancock
As test weight was reduced from normal to intermediate (i.e., from 58 to 52 lb/bu), little change occurred in milling characteristics of grain sorghum. However, as test weight was decreased from intermediate to light (52 to 39 lb/bu), production rate slowed and cost of grinding increased dramatically. Decreasing screen opening size from 8/64 in to 3/64 in also decreased production rates and increased electrical energy costs, with these effects much more pronounced in light test-weight sorghum.
Open Access
Mixing and clean-out properties of sulfamethazine and carbadox in swine feed
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-03-12T21:26:53Z) Herrman, T.; Behnke, Keith C.; Loughin, T.; kbfeed; loughin
Results of this study suggest that carbadox was incorporated uniformly in the feed by mixing. However, the two medicated feed additives containing sulfamethazine did not incorporate uniformly in the feed. The causal mechanism for the poor mixing performance of sulfamethazine was not discovered; however, assay variability was eliminated as a primary source of variation. Flushing the feed mixing, conveying, and sack-off systems twice with ground corn did not eliminate drug carryover. Further investigation of the mixing and clean-out properties of medicated feed additives is warranted.
Open Access
Summary of Kansas State University swine enterprise record
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-03-12T21:26:30Z) Richert, B.T.; Langemeier, Michael R.; Goodband, Robert D.; Tokach, Michael D.; Nelssen, Jim L.; goodband; mlange; mtokach; jnelssen
The Kansas Swine Enterprise Record Program evaluates biological and economic performance and is part of a cooperative record-keeping project with extension personnel and swine producers in Kansas, Nebraska, and South Dakota. From July 1, 1994 to June 31, 1995, profit per cwt of pork produced for these producers (37 semi-annual and 20 annual data) averaged $4.75 for the first 6 months of 1995, but a loss of $1.22 occurred for the past year. Producers in the top one-third in terms of profitability had average profits of $3.44 per cwt, whereas producers in the bottom one-third had average losses of $7.07 per cwt for the year. Critical factors separating low- and high-profit producers included feed costs, unpaid labor, fixed costs, and death loss.
Open Access
A comparison of risk and return for contract and independent hog finishing
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-03-12T21:26:19Z) Parcell, J.L.; Langemeier, Michael R.; mlange
Risks associated with independent hog finishing have prompted producers to seek alternative production and marketing methods. A means of reducing risk has developed through contract hog finishing. Research results indicate that risk-neutral producers require contract base payments ranging from $11.25 to $14.00 per head. Strongly risk-averse producers require contract base payments ranging from $4.75 to $7.75 per head. The lower ends of the ranges are for a contract with performance incentives. The upper ends of the ranges are for a flat contract without performance incentives. Calculated required base payments are similar to those payments currently received by contract hog finishers.
Open Access
Display life and related traits of low-dose irradiated, boneless, pork chops
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-03-12T21:26:08Z) Luchsinger, S.E.; Garcia Zepeda, C.M.; Chambers, Edgar, IV; Hollingsworth, M.E.; Hunt, Melvin C.; Marsden, James L.; Stroda, Sally L.; Rubio Canas, E.J.; Kastner, Curtis L.; Kuecker, W.G.; Mata, T.; Kropf, Donald H.; dkropf; eciv; hhunt; jmarsden; sstroda; ckastner
Irradiation and vacuum-packaging caused a more intense and stable red color in boneless pork chops. Irradiation up to 2.5 kGy increased cooked internal redness in chilled chops. Oxidative rancidity was greater in aerobic packaging than vacuum-packaging and in irradiated aerobic packaged chops than controls. Irradiation of vacuum-packaged boneless pork chops has promising potential for market acceptance.
Open Access
Effects of feeder design and pelleting on growth performance and water use in finishing pigs
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-03-12T21:25:55Z) Rantanen, M.M.; Hines, Robert H.; Kim, I.H.; Hancock, Joe D.; jhancock
Pigs fed from wet-dry feeders had 4% greater ADG with 50% less water usage than those consuming feed from dry feeders. Pelleting diets improved F/G by 4% compared to meal diets. However, the benefits of pelleting were primarily when a dry feeder was used, with little evidence to support use of both pelleting and wet/dry feeders for finishing pigs.
Open Access
Consumer acceptance of low-dose irradiated, boneless, pork chops
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-03-12T21:25:45Z) Luchsinger, S.E.; Garcia Zepeda, C.M.; Chambers, Edgar, IV; Hollingsworth, M.E.; Hunt, Melvin C.; Marsden, James L.; Stroda, Sally L.; Rubio Canas, E.J.; Kastner, Curtis L.; Kuecker, W.G.; Mata, T.; Kropf, Donald H.; dkropf; eciv; hhunt; jmarsden; sstroda; ckastner
Acceptance of irradiated, chilled, boneless, pork chops and nonirradiated controls by consumers was not different. Coupled with consumer concerns about food safety and well-documented improvement in consumer attitudes about irradiated foods, the potential for market acceptance is very promising.
Open Access
Effects of crowding and intermittent feed intake on growth performance and development of stomach lesions in finishing pigs
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-03-12T21:25:34Z) Sorrell, P.; Burnham, L.L.; Kim, I.H.; Kennedy, G.A.; Hines, Robert H.; Hancock, Joe D.; jhancock
Pigs in uncrowded pens (12 ft^2/pig) consumed more feed, gained at a greater rate, and tended to develop fewer stomach lesions than pigs in crowded pens (6 ft^2/pig). Pigs with ad libitum access to feed consumed more feed and gained at a greater rate than pigs deprived of feed for 24-h periods twice each week. The resulting intermittent feed intake increased the severity of stomach lesions but only for uncrowded pigs. In conclusion, crowding slowed growth for all pigs and increased the severity of stomach lesions. Intermittent feed intake also slowed growth, but its effects on development of stomach lesions were less consistent.
Open Access
The effects of increasing dietary energy density on growing-finishing pig growth performance and carcass characteristics
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-03-12T21:25:21Z) Smith, J.W.II; Musser, R.M.; Nessmith, W.B. Jr.; Bergstrom, J.R.; Loughmiller, J.A.; Nelssen, Jim L.; Goodband, Robert D.; Tokach, Michael D.; jnelssen; goodband; mtokach; jbergstr
Eighty crossbred gilts were used in a growth trial to evaluate the effects of increasing dietary energy density on growing-finishing pig growth performance and carcass characteristics. In this trial, adding fat to corn-soybean meal diets with a constant calorie: lysine ratio to increase the energy density during the growing phase (98 to 160 lb) improved feed efficiency with no influence on growth rate. However, increasing the energy content of the diet by adding fat had no benefit during the finishing phase (160 to 233 lb).
Open Access
Low-phosphorus diets during late-finishing decrease cost of gain with minimal effect on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-03-10T22:42:07Z) Mavromichalis, I.; Kim, I.H.; Burnham, L.L.; Rantanen, M.M.; Hines, Robert H.; Hancock, Joe D.; Kropf, Donald H.; Behnke, Keith C.; jhancock; dkropf; kbfeed
Partially omitting (up to 66 %) the supplemental inorganic phosphorus (P) source from a late-finishing (190 to 250 lb) diet resulted in slightly greater ADG and backfat thickness, which probably resulted from the greater feed (energy) intake. Meat quality was unaffected by treatment. Thus, during late-finishing, a total P concentration of .40% can be used to decrease diet cost without decreasing performance or meat quality of high-lean pigs.
Open Access
Omitting vitamin and trace mineral premixes from diets during late finishing (190 to 250 lb) did not reduce growth performance, carcass leanness, or muscle quality
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-03-10T22:41:53Z) Kim, I.H.; Burnham, L.L.; Hines, Robert H.; Rantanen, M.M.; Mavromichalis, I.; Hancock, Joe D.; Kropf, Donald H.; Behnke, Keith C.; jhancock; dkropf; kbfeed
Average daily gain; F/G; dressing percentage; tenth rib fat thickness; and depth, marbling, color, and firmness of the longissimus muscle were not influenced by omitting the vitamin and(or) trace mineral premixes from diets during late finishing (190 to 250 lb). Thus, our data suggest that the KSU vitamin and trace mineral premixes can be omitted during late finishing to reduce cost of gain without decreasing growth performance, carcass merit, or muscle quality.
Open Access
Particle size (1,000 vs 500 um) affects nutritional value of simple and complex diets for weanling pigs and broiler chicks
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-03-10T22:41:28Z) Kim, I.H.; Cabrera, M.R.; Hines, Robert H.; Rantanen, M.M.; Hancock, Joe D.; Behnke, Keith C.; jhancock; kbfeed
Nursery pigs fed complex diets had greater ADG than those fed simple diets, and as particle size was reduced, ADG and F/G tended to improve. There was a trend for reducing particle size to increase ADG more for pigs fed simple versus complex diets, but the response in efficiency of gain was of similar magnitude regardless of diet complexity. A second experiment was designed to determine if broiler chicks were an acceptable model for predicting the effects of feed processing procedures on nursery pigs. Chicks responded somewhat differently than pigs to the diet complexity x particle size treatments, with reduction of particle size having an effect only in simple diets.
Open Access
Effects of lactose sources on nursery pig growth performance
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-03-10T22:41:15Z) Nessmith, W.B. Jr.; Bergstrom, J.R.; Smith, J.W.II; Owen, K.Q.; Richert, B.T.; Nelssen, Jim L.; Tokach, Michael D.; Goodband, Robert D.; jnelssen; mtokach; goodband; jbergstr
A study was conducted to evaluate different sources of pure lactose as a substitute for spray-dried, edible-grade whey in starter diets. Results suggest that pure lactose can replace the lactose provided by dried whey in phase I starter diets. However, numerical differences in growth performance occurred among the lactose sources used.
Open Access
The interactive effects of turbozyme 160 and diet complexity on starter pig growth performance
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-03-10T22:41:01Z) Lofing, M.L.; Bergstrom, J.R.; Nessmith, W.B. Jr.; Goodband, Robert D.; Tokach, Michael D.; Nelssen, Jim L.; goodband; mtokach; jbergstr; jnelssen
These results suggest that feeding a complex starter diet improves initial (d 0 to 7 postweaning) growth performance of segregated early-weaned pigs. Feeding either a simple or complex diet with added Turbozyme 160 improves feed efficiency from day 0 to 14 postweaning. However, for the overall experimental period, neither a complex diet nor added Turbozyme 160 had any effect on growth performance.
Open Access
The effects of substituting deproteinized whey or pure lactose for dried whey on starter pig performance
(Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, 2010-03-10T22:40:46Z) Nessmith, W.B. Jr.; Bergstrom, J.R.; Smith, J.W.II; Owen, K.Q.; Loughmiller, J.A.; Musser, R.E.; Tokach, Michael D.; Goodband, Robert D.; Nelssen, Jim L.; mtokach; goodband; jnelssen; jbergstr
A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing all or half of spray-dried, edible-grade whey with deproteinized whey or pure lactose on starter pig performance. No differences in pig performance were observed. Therefore, high quality deproteinized whey and lactose are effective replacements for the lactose provided by dried whey in starter pig diets.