Livestock Feeders' Day, 1955
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Item Open Access 1. The value of trace minerals in a wintering and fattening ration. 2. Self-feeding grain in dry lot versus self-feeding on bluestem pasture.(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2012-01-04) Baker, F.H.; Smith, E.F.; Menzies, C.S.; Cox, R.F.Thirty choice Hereford steer calves, 10 head to a lot, are being used. Eight steers of each lot were obtained in a shipment from the Lanker Ranch near Medicine Lodge, Kan. The remaining two steers of each lot were obtained from the Currie Ranch near Westmoreland, Kan. The system of management planned for each lot of steers follows: Lot 15-Wintored on sorghum silage, 4 pounds of grain, and 1 pound of 41 percent protein concentrate per head daily, free access to mineral (bone meal and salt) and salt; bluestem pasture May 1 to August 1; self-fed grain on bluestem pasture after August 1 to choice grade. Lot 10-Wintered on sorghum silage, 4 pounds of grain, and 1 pound of protein concentrate per head daily, free access to mineral (bone meal and salt) and salt; grazed on bluestem pasture May 1 to August 1; self-fed grain in dry lot after August 1 -to choice:) grade. Lot 9-Wintered on sorghum silage, 4 pounds of grain, and 1 pound of protein concentrate per head daily; free access to mineral (bone meal and salt) and salt; grazed on bluestem pasture, May 1 to August 1; self-fed grain in dry lot from August 1 until they grade choice. Trace minerals are being supplied to this lot of steers during the wintering and fattening phases of the test.Item Open Access Effect of feeding a protein supplement during the latter part of the grazing season to two-year-old steers on bluestem pasture.(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2012-01-04) Baker, F.H.; Smith, E.F.; Cox, R.F.; Good, D.L.Twenty head of good quality two-year-old Hereford steers were used. They were wintered and summered on bluestem pasture until August 4, when this test was initiated. The steers were divided into two uniform lots and grazed on bluestem pasture with the following treatment from August 4, 1954, to October 15, 1954: Lot 1-No supplement. Lot 2-2 pounds of cottonseed cake per head daily.Item Open Access Wintering and grazing yearling steers. The most efficient level of winter protein feeding for yearling steers wintered and grazed on bluestem pasture.(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2012-01-04) Baker, F.H.; Cox, R.F.; Smith, E.F.; Holland, L.A.Twenty good-quality Hereford yearling steers were used in this test. They were purchased as steer calves in the fall of 1953 from the Joyce Ranch near Carlsbad, N.M. During the summer of 1953 the steers were used in pasture management experiments. The current test was initiated November 10, 1954, and continued to April 6, 1955. To minimize differences due to pastures, the steers were moved monthly from pasture to pasture.Item Open Access The most efficient level of winter protein feeding for yearling steers wintered and summer grazed on bluestem pasture.(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2012-01-04) Smith, E.F.; Baker, F.H.; Cox, R.F.; Holland, L.A.Twenty head of good-quality Hereford yearling steers, 10 per lot. were used. They were purchased as steer calves in the fall of 1953 from the Brite Ranch at Marfa, Texas, and used in summer grazing tests on bluestem pasture in 1953. During the winter phase of this test the steers were moved from pasture to pasture every 16 days to minimize any differences due to pastures. The winter pastures the steers were grazed in had been stocked at normal rate during summer, but had sufficient grass remaining to provide ample winter grazing. In addition to dry bluestem pasture, the steers were fed in the following manner during the winter: Lot 1-1 pound of cottonseed cake per head daily. Lot 2-2 pounds of cottonseed cake per head daily. The steers of both lots were grazed together during the summer of 1954.Item Open Access Wintering, grazing, and fattening heifers(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2012-01-04) Baker, F.H.; Smith, E.F.; Cox, R.F.Twenty choice-quality Hereford heifer calves were used in the study. They were delivered to Manhattan, December 1, 1953, at $18 per cwt., from the Pueblo, Colo., area. The system of management for each lot follows: Lot 1-wintered on dry bluestem pasture with 1.31 pounds of cottonseed cake per head daily, grazed on bluestem pasture until July 2, full-fed in dry lot 112 days. Lot 2-wintered on Atlas sorgo silage, 1 pound cottonseed meal, and 2 pounds ground milo per head daily, grazed on bluestem pasture until July 2, and full-fed in dry lot 112 days.Item Open Access Methods of wintering steer calves that are to be grazed a full season and sold off grass(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2012-01-04) Baker, F.H.; Cox, R.F.; Smith, E.F.; Good, D.L.; Walker, G.L.Forty choice Hereford steer calves, purchased from the Lonker Ranch in Barber county, Kansas, were used in this experiment. The steers of Lot 1 were wintered in a dry lot at the experimental barn, while those of the other lots were wintered on dry bluestem pasture at the experimental range unit. The pastures had been stocked at a normal rate the previous summer; adequate grass remained for winter pasture. The calves of Lots 2, 3, and 4 were moved from pasture to pasture monthly to minimize any differences due to pasture.Item Open Access Alfalfa silage vs. alfalfa hay for wintering heifer calves(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2012-01-04) Baker, F.H.; Richardson, D.; Smith, E.F.; Cox, R.F.Twenty choice-quality Hereford heifer calves, average weight of 4.38 pounds each, were used. The heifers were purchased as calves from the Lonker and the Hall-McNally ranches in Barber county, Kansas. Allotment of the heifers was based on weight, feeder grade, and origin. The alfalfa hay and silage were harvested from the first-cutting growth on the Animal Husbandry farm. The silage was allowed to wilt from one to two hours in the harvesting process. In the feeding trial, 3 pounds of alfalfa hay was fed to the cattle of Lot 3 to provide readily available protein and dry roughage. The heifers of Lot 3 were maintained at maximum consumption of alfalfa silage, whereas the heifers of Lot 6 were restricted to the same dry matter intake as Lot 3.Item Open Access Levels of Aureomycin and the comparative value of dehydrated alfalfa and Elodea canadensis meals in swine-fattening rations.(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-12-05) Richardson, D.The amount of antibiotic generally recommended in swine-fattening rations is 5 mg. per pound of total feed consumed. Some workers have felt that higher levels might produce more rapid and economical gains. One purpose of this test was to compare results with 5 and 20 mg. of aureomycin per pound of complete feed Elodea canadensis is a plant which grows in fresh-water lakes and ponds. Upon dehydration and grinding, it looks about the same as dehydrated alfalfa meal. The second purpose of this experiment was to compare the value of dehydrated alfalfa and Elodea canadensis meals in swine-fattening rations. Table 30 gives the chemical analysis of the Elodea canadensis meal used. Sixteen weanling pigs were divided as equally as possible into lots of four pigs each on the basis of weight, sex, and breed. The pigs were fed a complete ration, shown in Table 31. It contained about 18 percent protein and was fed till the pigs reached approximately 75 pounds body weight. The protein level of the ration was 15 percent from 75 to approximately 125 pounds body weight. It was then lowered to 12 percent protein for the remainder of the experiment. Adjustments in protein were made by adding corn and removing part of the tankage and soybean meal. Aureomycin was added in the form of Aurofac 2A. Elodea canadensis was substituted for equal amounts of alfalfa meal. Water was available at all times.Item Open Access The maximum use of alfalfa meal in protein supplement mixtures for fattening fall pigs in the dry lot.(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-12-05) Aubel, C.E.This experiment was designed .to secure information on maximum use of alfalfa meal in protein supplemental mixtures for pigs in dry lot. The experiment on next page reports similar information from pigs on alfalfa pasture. In this 1954-55 test four lots of fall-farrowed pigs were self-fed corn in dry lot. Each lot received different amounts of alfalfa meal in protein supplements. Lot 1 received an animal plant protein mixed supplement of 4 parts tankage, 4 parts soybean meal, 1 part cottonseed meal, and 1 part alfalfa meal. ,Lot 2 received one of 4 parts tankage, 4 parts ,soybean meal, and 2 parts alfalfa meal. Lot 3 received one of 4 parts tankage, 4 parts soybean meal, and 3 parts alfalfa meal; and Lot 4 received one of equal parts tankage and alfalfa meal.Item Open Access Adapting roughages varying in quality and curing processes to the nutrition of beef cattle: Prairie hay vs. corn cobs; A special supplement vs. milo grain and soybean meal.(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-12-05) Smith, E.F.; Richardson, D.; Baker, F.H.; Cox, R.F.Forty choice-quality Hereford heifers were divided as equally as possible into four lots of 10 animals each. The heifers originated in Barber county, Kansas. The rations used are shown in Table 53. An attempt was made to equalize the protein and total digestible nutrient intake between the lots receiving prairie hay and lots receiving corn cobs as roughages. The animals receiving corn cobs were given 50,000 International Units of vitamin A per head daily. The 3 pounds of special supplement fed daily to Lot 7 was composed of 2.25 pounds soybean meal, 0.50 pound molasses, 0.18 pound steamed bone meal, 0.06 pound salt, and 0.01 pound vitamin supplement (2,250 International units of vitamin A and 400 International Units of vitamin D per gram). A mineral mixture of 1 part salt and 2 parts steamed bone meal and salt were fed free choice. Water was available at all times.Item Open Access The comparative value of new corn (1954 Crop) and old corn (Government stored 1948-49) for fattening fall pigs in dry lot.(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-12-05) Aubel, C.E.Numerous inquiries to the Department of Animal Husbandry in recent months concerning the probable value for hog feed of corn stored several years under government supervision prompted this test. This experiment was initiated and conducted during the winter of 1954-55, starting with fall-farrowed pigs weighing about 55 pounds. Three lots totaling 25 pigs were fed. Lot 1 was self-fed shelled old corn that had been government stored since 1948-49. Lot 2 was self-fed the same corn ground, and Lot 3 was the control group self-fed shelled new corn. All lots were self-fed free -choice a mixed animal and plant protein supplement of 4 parts tankage, 4 parts soybean meal, 1 part cottonseed meal, and 1 part alfalfa meal, in dry lot.Item Open Access Some studies on breeding market pigs by crossing Duroc with Beltsville No. 1 for meat-type hogs.(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-12-05) Aubel, C.E.Much discussion in Kansas has concerned the desirability of crossbreeding inbred breeds (so-called hybrids) with other breeds for meat-type hogs. Consequently, a Beltsville No.1 (Poland x Landrace origin) was secured and matings planned with a Duroc. The test was to study vigor and size of the litter produced and ultimate performance in the feedlot of the litter compared with performance of purebred Duroc pigs raised under comparable conditions. In the winter of 1953-54, six purebred Duroc sows were mated to a Duroc boar, and six Duroc sows were mated to a Beltsville No.1 boar.Item Open Access The use of live yeast suspensions in beef cattle rations.(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-12-05) Baker, F.H.; Richardson, D.; Harris, J.O.; Cox, R.F.; Bowman, O.M.Forty head of choice-quality steer calves were used in the wintering phase of this test. These calves were part of a shipment from the Lonker Ranch, Medicine Lodge, Kan. The steers were assigned to lots on the basis of weight and feeder grade, The live yeast suspensions used in this experiment are Torula utilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The yeast suspensions were prepared weekly and stored at the optimum temperature until fed. They were prepared to supply 3 billion live yeast cells per animal daily. The suspensions were mixed with ½ pint of water and sprinkled over the rations in the feed bunks each morning. Results of this phase of the study are presented in Table 51. A digestion study was conducted to determine the influence of the two strains of yeast on the digestibility of a cattle-fattening ration composed of 3 parts milo grain and 1 part alfalfa hay. Eleven yearling Hereford steers weighing 700 pounds each were used in this study.Item Open Access The comparative value of corn and whole and ground milo as swine-fattening feeds.(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-12-05) Aubel, C.E.Sorghum grains are grown extensively in parts of Kansas for hog feed. In previous feeding test with hogs at this station, some sorghum grains have given excellent results compared with corn. In 1950 Westland and Midland milos gave 12 percent greater daily gain than corn. The economy in feed per 100 pounds gain was about 5 percent better from sorghum grain than from corn. Because corn has been more difficult to produce in Kansas, while sorghum grains have increased in popularity, it was thought advisable to compare sorghum grain with corn again. Four lots of pigs were self-fed in dry lot. All lots received a mixed animal and plant protein supplement of 4 parts tankage, 4 parts soybean meal, 1 part linseed meal, and 1 part alfalfa meal. The milo was an unidentified variety, straight elevator run. Lot 1 received shelled corn; Lot 2, whole milo; Lot 3, coarsely ground milo from a burr mill; Lot 4, ground milo. The protein supplement mixture for this lot contained aureomycin supplied as Aurofac at the rate of 27 pounds per ton.Item Open Access The value of stilbestrol in beef cattle rations, wintering phase.(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-12-05) Richardson, D.; Baker, F.H.; Good, D.L.; Cox, R.F.Forty Hereford steer calves averaging about 450 pounds were divided as equally as possible into four lots of 10 animals each. Two lots served as controls and the other two lots received 10 mg. of stilbestrol per head daily in the soybean meal. Ten Hereford heifer calves averaging about 335 pounds were divided as equally as possible into two lots of five animals each. One served as control and the other received 10 mg. of stilbestrol per head daily in the soybean meal. Atlas sorghum silage was used as the roughage in all lots and the animals received all they would clean up each day. The concentrate part of the ration consisted of 1 pound of soybean meal and 4 pounds of ground milo grain for all lots. A mineral mixture of 2 parts steamed bone meal and 1 part salt and salt were fed free choice. Water was available at all times. Eleven yearling Hereford steers were used in the digestion study. The ration used was chopped alfalfa hay and cracked milo grain fed at, a ratio of 1 part hay to 3 parts grain. The study was made with all steers and then repeated with stilbestrol. Thus, each animal served as his own control. The stilbestrol was fed at the rate of 10 mg. per head daily. The steers were fed in stanchions, and canvas collection bags. were used to collect the feces for chemical analyses.Item Open Access The performance of phenothiazine-treated cattle.(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-12-05) Moyer, W.A.; Baker, F.H.; Folse, D.S.; Smith, E.F.; Cox, R.F.The first experiment was conducted during the winter of 1953-54 with 60 heifer calves. The heifers were raised near Snyder, Texas, and delivered to Manhattan .December 1, 1953. The heifers were assigned December17, 1953, as lots of 10 to a series of wintering experiments. The level of parasitism was established during the last two weeks of December. Fecal samples were collected and E.P.G. (egg per gram) counts were made on the composite fecal samples from each lot. Five heifers in each lot were treated with 60 grams (two 30-gram boluses) of phenothazine on January 14, 1954. A second experiment using this same procedure was conducted during the winter of 1954-55, with 70 steer calves that originated in Barber county, Kansas.Item Open Access Varying amounts of alfalfa meal in the rations of spring pigs and in dry lot.(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-12-05) Aubel, C.E.Summer of 1954 test with spring pigs was to get information on the maximum use of alfalfa meal in protein supplemental mixtures for pigs in the dry lot. Four lots of pigs were self-fed shelled corn and a mixed protein supplement. Lot 1 pigs were fed sudangrass pasture and self-fed a protein supplement of 4 parts tankage, 4 parts soybean meal, 1 part cottonseed meal, and 1 part alfalfa meal. Lot 2 received the same protein supplement as Lot 1 for 38 days or until the pigs weighed 100 pounds. They were then removed from the pasture and put into a dry lot and fed a protein supplement of equal parts tankage and alfalfa meal until the close of the experiment, when they weighed 197 pounds. Lot 3 was fed in the dry lot the entire feeding period on a protein mixture of 4 parts tankage, 4 parts soybean meal, and 3 parts alfalfa meal. Lot 4 was fed in the dry lot the entire feeding period with an increased alfalfa meal allowance, a protein supplement mixture of 5 parts tankage, and 5 parts alfalfa meal.Item Open Access The comparative value of Greenleaf sudangrass and common sudangrass as pasture for fattening spring pigs.(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-12-05) Aubel, C.E.This experiment in the summer of 1954 used spring pigs on pasture. It was to compare the quality of the two varieties of sudangrass. Two lots were fed shelled corn and a mixed animal and plant protein supplement composed of 5 parts tankage, 4 parts soybean meal, and 1 part cottonseed meal. Both were self-fed, free choice. Lot 1 was pastured on Greenleaf sudangrass; Lot 2, on Common sudangrass. The pastures were the same quality and stand. Both furnished ample green forage throughout the test. It was necessary to clip the pastures during the summer to get rid of headed-out stalks and provide good, leafy forage. Both stood the dry weather equally well and were relished equally by the pigs, as well as could be determined by observations.Item Open Access Sources of phosphorus for wintering beef heifer calves on dry bluestem pasture(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-12-05) Richardson, D.; Baker, F.H.; Menzies, C.S.; Cox, R.F.Forty head of choice-quality Hereford heifer calves were divided into four lots of 10 animals each on the basis of weight and type. Each animal was branded with an individual number and lot number. All animals grazed together on dry bluestem grass and were divided each day to receive their respective supplemental feed. Prairie hay was fed when snow covered the grass. The prairie hay averaged 1.67 pounds per head daily for the entire time of the experiment. Water and salt were available at all times.Item Open Access The value of ammoniated hydrol in beef cattle wintering rations.(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 2011-12-05) Richardson, D.; Baker, F.H.; Cox, R.F.Twenty Hereford heifer calves were divided as equally as possible on the basis of size, weight, and type into two lots of 10 animals each. Atlas sorghum silage was used as the roughage and the amount fed was adjusted to the amount the animals would clean up daily. The remainder of the ration was kept the same throughout the experiment. The ration at the beginning of the experiment is shown in Table 43. The concentrate part of the ration was mixed with the silage. A mineral mixture of two parts steamed bone meal and one part salt and salt alone were fed free choice. Water was available at all times.
