Title: Supplementary videos associated with "An electropenetrography waveform library for the study of probing and ingestion behaviors in Culex tarsalis"

Authors: Anastasia M. W. Cooper, Samuel B. Jameson, Victoria Pickens, Cameron Osborne, Elaine A. Backus, Kristopher Silver, and Dana N. Mitzel

Author Information: 
  First Author Contact Information
        Name: Anastasia M. W. Cooper
           Institution: Kansas State University	
           Address: 123 W. Waters Hall, 1603 Old Claflin Place, Manhattan KS 66506
           Email: anacooper@ksu.edu
  Second Author Contact Information
        Name: Samuel B. Jameson
           Institution: Tulane University
           Email: sbishop@tulane.edu
Third Author Contact Information
        Name: Victoria Pickens
           Institution: Kansas State University	
           Email: vlpicken@ksu.edu
Fourth Author Contact Information
        Name: Cameron Osborne
           Institution: Kansas State University	
           Email: cjosborne@ksu.edu
Fifth Author Contact Information
        Name: Elaine A. Backus
           Institution: USDA Agricultural Research Service
           Email: elaine.backus@usda.gov
Sixth Author Contact Information
        Name: Kristopher Silver
           Institution: Kansas State University	
           Email: ksilver@ksu.edu
Seventh/Corresponding Author Contact Information
        Name: Dana N. Mitzel
           Institution: National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility
           Address: P.O. Box 1807, Manhattan, KS 66505
           Email: dana.mitzel@usda.gov

Short Abstract
Electropenetrography (EPG) is a technique used to indirectly visualize and quantify unseen mouthpart movements that occur inside opaque host tissues when an insect or arthropod bites (i.e., probes). To use this technique on a specific insect, the electrical signals (called waveforms) or that are generated during probing must first be characterized and correlated with insect behaviors. To this end we characterized the waveforms generated by Culex tarsalis mosquitoes feeding on human hands and made video recordings of the insects during EPG. The findings from this investigation are published as "An electropenetrograpy waveform library for the study of probing and ingestion behaviors in Culex tarsalis." Supplementary videos containing highlights from the video recordings to show specific behaviors that occur during each waveform are archived here and referenced in the manuscript. 

Keywords: mosquito, blood-feeders, AC/DC, EPG, electrical penetration graph, human hands

Directory of Files:
File name 1: Video S-1
Description 1: Basler video of Cx. tarsalis during an interruption experiment showing the head stage amplifier being turned on, the insect during waveforms NP, J, K, L, and M, and the hand being withdrawn 30 s into waveform family M. Waveforms were recorded with an Ri of 107 Ω using an applied signal of 150 mV AC.

File name 2: Video S-2
Description 2: Basler video of Cx. tarsalis during waveforms NP, J, K, and early L showing proboscis tapping and a slight bend in the labium upon penetration. Waveforms were recorded with an Ri of 107 Ω using an applied signal of 150 mV AC.

File name 3: Video S-3
Description 3: Dino-lite video of Cx. tarsalis during waveforms NP, J, K, and early L showing proboscis tapping, minor head movements, and abnormal leg tapping. Leg tapping was only observed in this one instance (possibly because the tarsus was slightly injured or deformed), but this video is the clearest example of proboscis tapping (i.e., preprobing behavior), so we included this video despite abnormal leg tapping. Waveforms were recorded with an Ri of 107 Ω using an applied signal of 150 mV AC.

File name 4: Video S-4
Description 4: Dino-lite video of Cx. tarsalis during waveforms NP, J, K, and early L, showing the start of a probe without proboscis tapping or any other movements. Note that the large peaks during K and L are present despite the lack of leg tapping. Waveforms were recorded with an Ri of 107 Ω using an applied signal of 150 mV AC.

File name 5: Video S-5
Description 5: Dino-lite video of Cx. tarsalis during waveforms L and M showing head and palp movements during late L and the abdomen turning red and swelling during M. Waveforms were recorded with an Ri of 107 Ω using an applied signal of 150 mV AC.

File name 6: Video S-6
Description 6: Dino-lite video of Cx. tarsalis during waveforms M and Z showing stylet withdrawal during M. Waveforms were recorded with an Ri of 107 Ω using an applied signal of 150 mV AC.

File name 7: Video S-7
Description 7: Dino-lite video of Cx. tarsalis during waveforms M, N, and Z showing maxillary palp movements, abnormal body movements, and stylet withdrawal during N. Note: Full-body jerks during N were only observed in this one instance and the effects of the full-body movements on the waveforms are apparent. Waveforms were recorded with an Ri of 107 Ω using an applied signal of 150 mV AC.

File name 8: Video S-8
Description 8: Dino-lite video of Cx. tarsalis during waveforms L, Z, NP, J, K, and L of two subsequent probes, showing head movements, palp movements, and stylet withdrawal during L, the start of a second probe without proboscis tapping, and head and palp movements during early L. Waveforms were recorded with an Ri of 107 Ω using an applied signal of 150 mV AC.

File name 9: Video S-9
Description 9: Dino-lite video of Cx. tarsalis during waveforms M and N showing excretory droplets deposited by a non-moving insect. Waveforms were recorded with an Ri of 107 Ω using an applied signal of 150 mV AC.