http://hdl.handle.net/2097/572 Search the Channel search http://krex.ksu.edu/dspace/simple-search http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1776 Title: Comparison of the sensory properties of UHT milk from different countries<br/><br/>Authors: Oupadissakoon, Gaewalin; Chambers, Deolores H.; Chambers, Edgar IV<br/><br/>Abstract: Shelf-stable milk, also known as ultra-high temperature (UHT) milk is the most common form of milk in many parts of the world. This study compared the differences in flavor and texture of 37 commercially available UHT and sterilized milk samples including whole, 2% reduced-fat, and low-fat milk obtained from markets in seven countries: France (n = 2), Italy (n = 11), Japan (n = 1), Korea (n = 2), Peru (n = 3), Thailand (n = 13), and the U.S. (n = 5). Five highly trained panelists used flavor and texture profiling to describe the sensory properties of each milk sample. Data were analyzed by principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis. Higher levels of processed, chalky, brown, and cooked flavor notes generally corresponded to lower levels of fresh dairy flavor characteristics. In general, samples did not vary consistently within a country. Fat content did not correlate with dairy fat flavor or with viscosity. This research suggests that companies’ manufacturing processes for UHT milk may have more impact than country or fat content in determining sensory properties of UHT milk. Tue, 06 Oct 2009 15:37:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1775 Title: Sensory characteristics of ice cream produced in the United States and Italy<br/><br/>Authors: Thompson, Kelly R.; Chambers, Delores H.; Chambers, Edgar IV<br/><br/>Abstract: This study was conducted to define and compare sensory characteristics of high quality Italian gelati to ice creams produced in the United States. Trained descriptive sensory panelists evaluated gelato samples in Italy, purchased direct from local gelaterias, and ice cream samples in the U.S., purchased from grocery stores and local shops. In general, gelati obtained higher overall fruity and fruit ID scores, chocolate gelati higher chocolate and cocoa notes, and vanilla gelati higher vanilla and lower vanillin intensities than most U.S. ice creams. Gelati were consistently associated with higher density, lower firmness, and slower meltdown. When compared to U.S. ice creams, Italian gelati are characterized by specific sensory properties: “true to type” flavors: high intensity flavors considered to be typical to that flavor category or specific fruit and are combined with a dense, smooth texture that allows for the development of flavor, body and bloom, enhancing the perception of flavors. Tue, 06 Oct 2009 15:30:40 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1724 Title: Consumption of cross-linked resistant starch (RS4XL) on glucose and insulin responses in humans<br/><br/>Authors: Al-Tamimi, Enas K.; Seib, Paul A.; Snyder, Brian S.; Haub, Mark D.<br/><br/>Abstract: Objective: The objective was to compare the postprandial glycemic and insulinemic responses to nutrition bars containing either cross-linked RS type 4 (RS4XL) or standard wheat starch in normoglycemic adults (n=13; age= 27±5 yr; BMI=25±3 kg/m2).Methods: Volunteers completed three trials during which they consumed a glucose beverage (GLU), a puffed wheat control bar (PWB), and a bar containing cross-linked RS4 (RS4XL) matched for available carbohydrate content. Serial blood samples were collected over two hours and glucose and insulin concentrations were determined and the incremental area under the curve (iAUC) was calculated. Results: The RS4 XL peak glucose and insulin concentrations were lower than the GLU and PWB (p<0.05). The iAUC for glucose and insulin were lower following ingestion of RS4 compared with the GLU and PWB trials. Conclusions: These data illustrate, for the first time, that directly substituting standard starch with RS4XL, while matched for available carbohydrates, attenuated postprandial glucose and insulin levels in humans. It remains to be determined whether this response was due to the dietary fiber and/or resistant starch aspects of the RS4XL bar. Fri, 25 Sep 2009 16:13:31 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1710 Title: Mitochondrial and sarcoplasmic protein changes in hearts from copper deficient rats: Upregulation of PGC1-α transcript and protein as a cause for mitochondrial biogenesis in copper deficiency<br/><br/>Authors: Medeiros, Denis M.; Jiang, Yu; Klaahsen, Darcey; Dingbo, Lin<br/><br/>Abstract: Changes in mitochondrial and sarcoplasmic proteins using proteinomics and western blotting in hearts from copper deficient rats were explored in this study. Also, key enzymes that are involved in cardiac energy metabolism via glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation and related transcription factors were determined. Rats were fed one of two diets: a copper adequate diet containing 6 mg Cu/kg diet or a diet with less than 1 mg Cu/kg diet for 5 weeks. Copper deficiency was confirmed by low liver copper levels, decreased hematocrit levels, and cardiac hypertrophy. Proteinomic data revealed that of the more than 50 proteins identified from the mitochondrial fraction of heart tissue, 6 were significantly down regulated and 9 were upregulated. The proteins that were decreased were beta enolase 3, carbonic anhydrase 2, aldose reductase1, glutathione peroxidase, muscle creatine kinase, and mitochondrial aconitase 2. The proteins that were up-regulated were isocitrate dehydrogenase, dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase, transferrin, subunit d of ATP synthase, transthyretin, preproapolipoprotein A-1, GRP 75, alpha-B crystalline, and heat shock protein alpha. Follow-up western blots on rate limiting enzymes in glycolysis (phosphofructose kinase), fatty acid oxidation (medium chain acyl dehydrogenase, peroxisome proliferator-actvator receptor-α or PPARα), and gluconeogenesis (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase), did not reveal changes in metabolic enzymes. However, a significant increase in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- coactivator (PGC)-1α protein, as well as the transcript, which increased 2.5 fold were observed. It would appear that increased mitochondrial biogenesis known to occur in copper deficiency hearts is caused by an increase expression in the master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, PGC-1α. Tue, 15 Sep 2009 16:13:55 GMT